However, you can look up "300 mpg VW" and read about the prototype VW showed off in 2002. Very impressive. Fast, sleek, sexy, with a couple of design nods to the old Messerschmitt, and yes, 300+ mpg.
There was also a British design called the Combidrive Mouse and a couple of other Ford and GM designs, all three-wheelers, which got three-digit mileage. The Mouse did about 255 mpg and was tested as high as 568 (!).
http://www.3wheelers.com/combidrive.html
The key to all of these is an ultra-light body, aerodynamic design, and making it as small as possible i.e. the Combidrive Mouse was a single-seater and the VW prototype was a 2-seater.
Generally, search on the word "microcars," and for historic examples search on the word "Isetta." The latter was the car that kept BMW from going into bankruptcy in the 1950s, and was enormously successful. 60 to 75 mpg in the 1950s, as with most vehicles of that genre, of which there were many.
See also the general index at
www.3wheelers.com and see also
www.microcarmuseum.com.
The point being, it's not hard to get close to 3-digit mileage, and it's only a little bit harder to get just into the 3-digit mileage range. All of this with conventional mid-20th-century technology.
I would venture to suggest that people could build 3-digit mileage microcars in their garages, using go-kart frames and moped engines/drivetrains, and simple enclosures made of aluminum and perspex. These would be pretty basic transportation for local use only, but at least they would work.