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http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics ... nd_importsImports
The downturn in the primary production of hard coal, lignite, crude oil, natural gas and more recently nuclear energy led to a situation where the EU was increasingly reliant on primary energy imports in order to satisfy demand, although this situation stabilised in the aftermath of the financial and economic crisis. The EU-28’s imports of primary energy exceeded exports by some 922.8 million toe in 2012. The largest net importers of primary energy were generally the most populous EU Member States, with the exception of the United Kingdom and Poland (where indigenous reserves of oil/natural gas and coal remain). Since 2004, the only net exporter of primary energy among the Member States has been Denmark (see Table 2).
The origin of EU-28 energy imports has changed somewhat in recent years, as Russia has maintained its position as the main supplier of crude oil and natural gas and emerged as the leading supplier of solid fuels (see Table 3). In 2012, some 33.7 % of the EU-28’s imports of crude oil were from Russia, slightly below the shares recorded for 2010 (34.7 %) and 2011 (34.8 %). Russia became the principal supplier of solid fuels in 2006, overtaking South Africa, having overtaken Australia in 2004 and Colombia in 2002. Russia’s share of EU-28 solid fuels imports rose from 13.1 % in 2002 to 30.0 % by 2009, before falling somewhat to 25.9 % by 2012. Despite this contraction, Russia remained the primary source of solid fuels imports into the EU in 2012, although its share was only slightly ahead of those recorded for Colombia (23.7 %) and the United States (23.0 %). By contrast, Russia’s share of EU-28 imports of natural gas declined from 45.2 % to 29.5 % between 2002 and 2010, but this trend was reversed with increases in 2011 and 2012. Qatar’s share of EU-28 imports of natural gas rose from less than 1 % in 2002 to 11.0 % in 2011, before dropping back to 8.4 % in 2012.
The security of the EU’s primary energy supplies may be threatened if a high proportion of imports are concentrated among relatively few partners. More than three quarters (76.8 %) of the EU-28’s imports of natural gas in 2012 came from Russia, Norway or Algeria — as such there was a greater concentration of imports than in the previous two years as the same three countries accounted for 71.0 % of natural gas imports in 2010 and 72.0 % in 2011. A similar analysis shows that 53.6 % of EU-28 crude oil imports came from Russia, Norway and Saudi Arabia in 2012, while 72.6 % of hard coal imports were from Russia, Colombia and the United States. Although their import volumes remain relatively small, there was some evidence of new partner countries emerging between 2002 and 2012. This was notably the case for crude oil imports from Nigeria, Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan, or natural gas imports from Qatar.