The correlation coefficient of the EIA and World Bank data plotted in chart139a is R
2 = 0.99. The last 6 points, which are denoted as the "2012 - 2016 anomaly", indicate a change in that relationship with the probability of occurrence of more than 6 standard deviations from the mean (more than 1 in a million chance that it is random event). GDP is changing its relationship to petroleum, which is to be expected as we approach the end of the oil age. Without the standard it provided, from which currencies can be set: the monetary system will continue to fail as a true pricing mechanism for trade and distribution. At which point the system will fail. Depending on the difference between the theoretical vs actual waste heat generation of the Petroleum Production System that will occur sometime between 2023 and 2030. The world's present massive debt structure almost assures that the failure of the monetary system will be catastrophic when it occurs.
Adoption of a new monetary system will then be necessary, and gold will most likely be adopted to fulfill that roll. Gold's historical significance as a currency of exchange will make it the overwhelming standard of choice. Adoption of a new global gold standard will re-denominate the present US dollar to approximately 4 cents on the present dollar. Other currencies will do much worse. Standards of living will fall to reflect petroleum's declining ability to power the economy.
This scenario is now playing out across the world, as is seen in nations like Venezuela, Turkey, Iran, Argentina, and many other African and central Asian nations were the value of their currencies have, or is rapidly approaching zero. What the social and geopolitical implications will be is unknown.
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