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Blending Hydrogen With Natural Gas

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Blending Hydrogen With Natural Gas

Unread postby GHung » Fri 03 Jan 2020, 00:47:35

Interesting projects underway in the UK; use surplus wind energy (mainly at night) to create hydrogen which is blended at 20% into the natural gas system via " a special injection and mixing unit which can be carefully controlled and monitored to ensure that the hydrogen and natural gas blend remains consistent as gas flows vary." No need to change out appliances or infrastructure, though some older iron pipes may need upgrading (already being done anyway).

About HyDeploy

HyDeploy is a pioneering hydrogen energy project designed to help reduce UK CO2 emissions and reach the Government’s net zero target for 2050.

As the first ever live demonstration of hydrogen in homes, HyDeploy aims to prove that blending up to 20% volume of hydrogen with natural gas is a safe and greener alternative to the gas we use now. It will provide evidence on how customers don’t have to change their cooking or heating appliances to take the blend, which means less disruption and cost for them. It will also confirm initial findings that customers don’t notice any difference when using the hydrogen blend.

First Phase

HyDeploy @ Keele is the first stage of this three stage programme. The UK Health & Safety Executive have given permission to run a live test of blended hydrogen and natural gas on part of the private gas network at Keele University campus in Staffordshire. It will be the first project in the UK to inject hydrogen into a natural gas network.

Second and Third Phases

Once the Keele stage has been completed, HyDeploy will move to a larger demonstration on a public network in the North East. After that, HyDeploy will have another large demonstration in the North West. These are designed to test the blend across a range of networks and customers so that the evidence is representative of the UK as a whole. With HSE approval, and success at Keele, these phases will go ahead in the early 2020s.

The longer term goal

Once the evidence has been submitted to Government policy makers, we very much expect hydrogen to take its place alongside other forms of zero carbon energy in meeting the needs of the UK population. .....

https://hydeploy.co.uk/


https://www.itm-power.com/news/hydeploy ... -operation

Dr Graham Cooley, CEO, ITM Power said: “I am delighted that this important pilot project is now operational. The increased use of hydrogen to decarbonise heat via the gas grid will perform a critical role in helping the UK to fulfil its ambitious climate change obligations. Indeed, the Committee for Climate Change has indicated that the UK will need between 6GW and 17GW of electrolysis in the next 30 years to store renewable power and provide renewable heat. Today’s announcement is a very significant step.”

UK’s first grid-injected hydrogen pilot gets underway

Ground-breaking UK hydrogen trial underway at Keele University
First time zero carbon hydrogen has been injected in the UK’s modern gas grid . 20% hydrogen/natural gas blend can cut CO2 emissions without the need to change gas appliances

The UK’s first live pilot to inject zero carbon hydrogen into a gas network to heat homes and businesses is now fully operational.

HyDeploy is a ground-breaking green energy trial at Keele University, Staffordshire, that could help Britain cut its carbon emissions and open the door to a low-carbon hydrogen economy.

The HyDeploy demonstration is injecting up to 20% (by volume) of hydrogen into Keele University’s existing natural gas network, feeding 100 homes and 30 faculty buildings. The 20% hydrogen blend is the highest in Europe, together with a similar project being run by Engie in Northern France.
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Re: Blending Hydrogen With Natural Gas

Unread postby asg70 » Fri 03 Jan 2020, 02:24:45

At first glance it seems like a good idea. I wonder what the thermodynamic efficiency is.

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Re: Blending Hydrogen With Natural Gas

Unread postby sparky » Fri 03 Jan 2020, 06:09:06

.
While this could be useful for some propulsive application ,
it would be a VERY bad idea for any thermal uses
Hydrogen is a bad thermal generator ,
it is tricky to contain and would substantially increase the cost of equipment to handle the mix

I like Hydrogen , it's a pretty straightforward gas ,is neither toxic or corrosive but it has a bit of an attitude
...."don't mess with me and I will not rip your head off " sort of thing

I've worked with it for twenty years , professional respect is the word , beware amateurs and badly trained operators
and mixing it change absolutely noting ,
it remain hydrogen , sitting in the same high pressure environment as methane and follows the partial pressure law
this mean that all containment and system will have to be Hydrogen rated
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Re: Blending Hydrogen With Natural Gas

Unread postby GHung » Fri 03 Jan 2020, 12:46:06

sparky wrote:.
While this could be useful for some propulsive application ,
it would be a VERY bad idea for any thermal uses
Hydrogen is a bad thermal generator ,
it is tricky to contain and would substantially increase the cost of equipment to handle the mix

I like Hydrogen , it's a pretty straightforward gas ,is neither toxic or corrosive but it has a bit of an attitude
...."don't mess with me and I will not rip your head off " sort of thing

I've worked with it for twenty years , professional respect is the word , beware amateurs and badly trained operators
and mixing it change absolutely noting ,
it remain hydrogen , sitting in the same high pressure environment as methane and follows the partial pressure law
this mean that all containment and system will have to be Hydrogen rated


And the "attitude" of hydrogen is being discussed.
https://youtu.be/Z3G9pzvIhtY?t=37

My feeling is that, since any hydrogen that may leak out will float away rather than pool in low areas, it isn't as big a problem as many would think. Of course, methane is also a bit lighter than air unlike propane, and natural gas sometimes goes boom. Anyway, as discussed in the link, 20% seems to be a sweet spot for the mix.
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Re: Blending Hydrogen With Natural Gas

Unread postby Plantagenet » Fri 03 Jan 2020, 18:06:12

Hydrogen gas is an "indirect Greenhouse gas." While hydrogen itself is not a a greenhouse gas, hydrogen interacts with other chemicals in the atmosphere in such a way that Greenhouse warming is increased. In particular, hydrogen interacts with hydroxyl, reducing the ability of hydroxyl to break down methane. This tends to increase the amount of CH4 in the atmosphere, and CH4 is very powerful greenhouse gas known to be about 70 times stronger then CO2.

greenhouse gases: Hydrogen

There will inevitably be some linkage from residential and industrial usage of natural gas infused with 20% hydrogen. Increasing the use of fossil fuels and industrial chemicals like hydrogen known to increase greenhouse warming isn't a good idea, given the wildfires, arctic sea ice melt, sea level rise, and other effects we are seeing now due to greenhouse warming.

A better idea would be to rely on things like wind and solar and nuclear power where no greenhouse gases are emitted.

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We need to decrease our use of fossils fuels and other greenhouse gases---not increase their use. Hydrogen is an indirect greenhouse gas.

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Re: Blending Hydrogen With Natural Gas

Unread postby sparky » Fri 03 Jan 2020, 19:18:31

.
yep hydrogen is so light that the safest way is to handle it in open air
trouble start in badly ventilated room ,
it's minimal molecular weight means it can diffuse easily through joints and even through the crystal lattice of metal

as I stated before left in peace it is quite a friendly stuff ,
it is difficult to ignite with a hot surface , but an open flame or spark will set it of
since it has a cold flame , beside bruises not much burns will happen
It seems to me that a better way would be to store the Oxygen and Hydrogen separately
then re-associate themselves in a turbine for generating power when the "renewable " drop their load
it would be done in situ , using the same grid connections
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Re: Blending Hydrogen With Natural Gas

Unread postby Tanada » Sat 04 Jan 2020, 09:40:16

I detect some half truths and a LOT of weasel wording in this sales pitch. First the half truth.
As the first ever live demonstration of hydrogen in homes...
That is a flat out lie. Up until the North Sea gas production made Natural Gas very inexpensive to use the UK had a large number of "Town Gas" manufacturing facilities where raw coal was converted into a blend of Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen gas for home and industrial gas burning appliances. The last of these facilities was closed in the late 1970's.

Now for some of the weasel wording. Especially troubling is the statement
The change from normal gas to blended gas during the live pilot will not cost customers more. We have worked with Ofgem, the energy regulator to ensure this is the case.
If you parse this statement the implication is clear, supplying renewable hydrogen is more expensive than supplying natural gas, but during the testing and approval phase the renewable hydrogen company is eating the extra cost to condition people to using the new gas blend. Once they have full approval for deployment and leave the testing phase however that will no longer be the case and they will be able to charge more, however much more they can convince the regulators is necessary.

Other weaseling is along the lines of
For our North East demonstration, we are at the stage of contacting everyone who will be involved in that demonstration – more than 650 homes – and asking them to book a visit from our engineers who will carry out Gas Safe checks on their gas appliances and gather information on the range of appliances in the demonstration area. The Gas Safe checks will be free of charge.
As if they are saints for doing an advanced form of the annual check. The problem they do not mention is basic, any appliances that fail the Hydrogen safety check will have to be upgraded or replaced at the home owner/landlords expense before the test can go forward. No doubt if the UK government decides to go forward with this scheme legislation will be passed requiring all new appliances be hydrogen blend safety compliant and that older appliances be upgraded or replaced withing a certain date range to allow a more wide spread deployment of the blended gas.

The third set of weasel wording is in the little video they included that tacitly admits the largest commercial source of hydrogen is stripping natural gas of its carbon. This not only consumes energy in the stripping process to leave behind the carbon residue for disposal, it also results in hydrogen gas which has less energy on a volumetric basis than the original methane contained. So they admit in passing that to supply the entire nation with a 20% blend of hydrogen in methane gas supply will require not just the off peak renewable energy, but also a huge energy sink in the form of converting methane which could be directly consumed into hydrogen and carbon residue with a lower energy value plus the expense of disposing of the residue and making the conversion in the first place.

IOW beware sales pitches that sound to good to be true, because they always are. Yes, I think using off peak renewable energy to produce Hydrogen could be a good thing as an intermediate energy storage option much better than battery storage. However the idea of using it as a blending agent for methane based natural gas not so great an idea. Far better IMO to store the hydrogen at the electricity facilities and then use it as the fuel in fuel cells consuming hydrogen and air to produce electricity when the renewables are not available. That would stabilize the grid in a way renewables have serious problems doing and store the hydrogen in a place and manner at which the safety checks could be done frequently and professionally on well maintained equipment.

Loose hydrogen gas has a simply massive flammability range when it encounters a spark or open flame. Hydrogen as low as 4% concentration in air will burn. Methane flammability is only slightly better at 5% but it is much easier to contain and has a far lower tendency to leak because the molecules are much larger.

Piping hydrogen through thousands of miles of random pipe and millions of appliances is a recipe for leaking.

Heck take the hydrogen made via renewable powered electrolysis and use it to reformulate biomass into manufactured methane. That would be a carbon neutral solution and a heck of a lot safer than this blending plan.
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Re: Blending Hydrogen With Natural Gas

Unread postby sparky » Tue 07 Jan 2020, 05:02:52

.
@ Tanada ++++

How about putting a "Like" button on the forum post ?
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Re: Blending Hydrogen With Natural Gas

Unread postby careinke » Mon 20 Jan 2020, 00:07:29

sparky wrote:.
@ Tanada ++++

How about putting a "Like" button on the forum post ?

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Re: Blending Hydrogen With Natural Gas

Unread postby Subjectivist » Mon 20 Jul 2020, 11:42:53

Well it has been six months into this project, any word on the costs and results yet?
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Re: Blending Hydrogen With Natural Gas

Unread postby dissident » Mon 20 Jul 2020, 14:52:21

People need to get over their phobia of NH3. Some incidents with blindness of idiots who used picks to clear away the ice in ancient refrigerator models decades ago cannot hold back progress forever. NH3 can be stored and with optimized combustion which can be achieved in power plants and with fuel cells, it can produce N2 instead of NOx.
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Re: Blending Hydrogen With Natural Gas

Unread postby sparky » Tue 21 Jul 2020, 03:54:52

.
Unfortunately , as any competent technical project manager is aware
greedy and idiots are a constant to be taken into any cost efficiency calculation

without going as far as Army procedures which set its standard to the lowest IQ to be expected
which is why it works more or less seamlessly , if hilariously
the list of technical project which came to grief through human failure is considerable
and before one might think that getting rid of the dumb ones would solve anything
even the smart ones have their brain freeze moments
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Re: Blending Hydrogen With Natural Gas

Unread postby Tanada » Tue 21 Jul 2020, 05:36:46

Subjectivist wrote:Well it has been six months into this project, any word on the costs and results yet?


Newsish. Graphs at link below quote.

Treehugger wrote: UK Pilot Project Mixes "Green" Hydrogen With Natural Gas

There is so much hype about hydrogen these days, particularly in the UK right now, where a third of carbon emissions comes from heating and cooking with gas. A pilot project at Keele University, near Stoke-on-Trent, is pumping out a mix of 80 percent natural gas and 20 percent hydrogen made by electrolysis in a shipping container sized unit from ITM,
Heating for domestic properties and industry accounts for half of the UK’s energy consumption and one third of its carbon emissions, with 83% of homes using gas to keep warm. The 20% volume blend means that customers can continue to use their gas supply as normal, without any changes being needed to gas appliances or pipework, while still cutting carbon emissions. If a 20% hydrogen blend was rolled out across the country it could save around 6 million tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions every year, the equivalent of taking 2.5 million cars off the road.


Unsurprisingly, this is being promoted by a gas company, Cadent. All the gas companies love hydrogen because they still will have something to put in their pipes in a decarbonizing world. But there are different colours and flavours of hydrogen:
Brown hydrogen is made from coal; this is what used to be called town gas before natural gas took over. It has a very high carbon footprint and is not too common anymore.

Grey hydrogen is made from the steam reformation of methane, which separates the hydrogen from the carbon; one molecule of CH4 reacts with H20 to form 4H2 and 1 CO2, plus whatever CO2 is made generating the 1000 degree steam. This is how ~98 percent of the hydrogen is being made right now.

Blue Hydrogen is what the oil and gas companies will be trying to sell us on, where they take the CO2 from the Grey Hydrogen process and store it somewhere, or use it in synthetic fuels or other products.

Green Hydrogen is the holy grail, where it is made by electrolysis using renewable electricity. Solar and wind power doesn't always happen when you need it most, so using surplus renewables to make green hydrogen does make some sense. It's the argument being used to run hydrogen trains and cars.

In the UK they love the idea of green and blue hydrogen because they have so many crappy houses that are heated with the regular methane or natural gas. The UK Committee on Climate Change recommended this as part of their net zero by 2050 plan. I wrote at the time:

When all else fails, the report's favourite answer is hydrogen – for industry, heavy vehicles, and "heating on the coldest days", which is dumb because they then have to maintain the whole gas piping network and the boilers. When you dig into the technical report, they propose that by 2050 there will be 29 gigawatts of hydrogen power from "advanced methane reformation", i.e. natural gas, combined with carbon capture and storage (CCS), along with up to 19 GW made through electrolysis. This is a fantasy; the volume of carbon to be stored is huge, the entire distribution network would have to be replaced, so they will basically keep pumping natural gas. This is why we have to electrify everything instead of pretending we can switch to magical carbon-free hydrogen.
In fact, about half the pipes in the UK have been replaced with hydrogen-safe plastic. But they would still have to replace all the furnaces and water heaters and much of the piping in cities, making it still a huge deal. That's why the BBC report ends with a bit of realism in its coverage:

Richard Black from the Energy and Climate Intelligence Unit (ECIU) told BBC News: “We will and should have hydrogen in the mix of energy options, but it’s not a wonder solution to everything, which you sometimes get the impression from the rhetoric. There is hope – but too much hype.”

Years ago I thought that the hydrogen economy was a shill for the nuclear industry, which was going to sell the electricity needed to make it. Now it is a shill for the oil and gas industry, which wants to keep fracking the stuff. But as we noted earlier, the U.S. oil and gas industry is leaking 13 million metric tons of methane each year — that's before it even gets to the refinery where the steam reformation happens. So much is lost even before it gets turned into blue gas.

Cities and even entire nations are now looking at actually banning natural gas; the New York Times recently covered the debate in Bellingham, Washington. As one city councillor told the Times, “This is about going to where we didn’t go before. We’ve grabbed the less controversial and low-hanging fruit. This fruit is higher on the tree.”

This is something we all have to do, and will be fighting the gas and oil companies all the way; they have lots of gas to sell, whether you want grey, blue or a teeny bit of green.


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Re: Blending Hydrogen With Natural Gas

Unread postby REAL Green » Tue 21 Jul 2020, 06:07:09

Tanada wrote:Newsish. Graphs at link below quote.

Treehugger wrote:[b] UK Pilot Project Mixes "Green" Hydrogen With Natural Gas

Link


Excellent information and source. Thanks
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Re: Blending Hydrogen With Natural Gas

Unread postby dissident » Tue 21 Jul 2020, 10:03:57

sparky wrote:.
Unfortunately , as any competent technical project manager is aware
greedy and idiots are a constant to be taken into any cost efficiency calculation

without going as far as Army procedures which set its standard to the lowest IQ to be expected
which is why it works more or less seamlessly , if hilariously
the list of technical project which came to grief through human failure is considerable
and before one might think that getting rid of the dumb ones would solve anything
even the smart ones have their brain freeze moments


H2 ain't safe if handled by idiots either. So NH3 has nothing going against it.
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Re: Blending Hydrogen With Natural Gas

Unread postby REAL Green » Wed 22 Jul 2020, 06:06:32

“What Role Will Hydrogen Play In The EU's Future?”
https://oilprice.com/Energy/Energy-Gene ... uture.html
https://www.zerohedge.com/energy/what-r ... eus-future

“’The media - at least in Europe - seems to be abuzz with talk about green hydrogen. As an energy source, backers envision hydrogen powering everything from aircraft, to steel mills, to global shipping fleets, cars, and homes…To be considered blue hydrogen — that is, without the carbon footprint that comes from its traditional production route of splitting natural gas — it either has to come from the electrolysis of water or from natural gas combined with carbon capture and sequestration. In the latter’s case, both are established technologies but are hugely expensive…Hydrogen production’s impact on emissions It is debatable whether Europe has the available unused landmass to build enough solar parks or erect enough wind turbines to create sufficient power to power the plethora of industries being promoted as candidates for a switch to hydrogen…Nor is hydrogen a particularly energy-intensive fuel source. Only some 35% of the electricity generated at the solar cell makes its way through to the fuel at the point of use. In many cases, why wouldn’t you just use electricity, for example, in powering cars? For steel production, electricity can be a direct substitute for hydrogen required as a reductant in blast furnaces by switching steel production to electric arc furnaces. Then, however, iron ore needs to be refined to pellets to make that technologically viable. Once again, that is a potentially polluting and power-consuming process.”
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Re: Blending Hydrogen With Natural Gas

Unread postby sparky » Wed 22 Jul 2020, 08:38:06

.
Typical rubbish , if one consider Hydrogen by itself it's all roses and honey , as I've said before , I'm quite fond of it
then come the rub ....... generation , distribution , containment
Hydrogen require very heavy infrastructures to handle it , very precise regulations and a high level of operators certification

forget a steel jerrycan off the stuff being loaded in the boot , we are talking steel plate level containing an explosive !
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Re: Blending Hydrogen With Natural Gas

Unread postby Outcast_Searcher » Wed 22 Jul 2020, 12:46:31

sparky wrote:.
Typical rubbish , if one consider Hydrogen by itself it's all roses and honey , as I've said before , I'm quite fond of it
then come the rub ....... generation , distribution , containment
Hydrogen require very heavy infrastructures to handle it , very precise regulations and a high level of operators certification

forget a steel jerrycan off the stuff being loaded in the boot , we are talking steel plate level containing an explosive !

And yet outfits like, say, Toyota, have demonstrated safe high pressure containers for hydrogen used in their FCV's, like the Mirai. It's heavy and expensive, but effective.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Mi ... ogen_tanks

So, yes, it's not all roses and honey. But it's not like it can't be done IF the technology re things like FCV's reaches the point that for a significant segment of vehicles (like busses, trucks, etc) makes sense, that building an adequate distribution network is insurmountable. Any more than, say, expanding and smartening up the electric network to handle a transition to (or toward) EV's over the coming decades.
Given the track record of the perma-doomer blogs, I wouldn't bet a fast crash doomer's money on their predictions.
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Re: Blending Hydrogen With Natural Gas

Unread postby REAL Green » Thu 17 Dec 2020, 13:20:45

“Injecting hydrogen in natural gas grids could provide steady demand the sector needs to develop”
https://www.spglobal.com/platts/en/mark ... to-develop

“Governments and utilities worldwide are looking to low- and zero-carbon hydrogen injection into the natural gas grid to displace fossil fuel consumption and reduce emissions. S&P Global Platts Analytics’ Scenario Planning Servicetook an in-depth look into this topic in an April special report, Hydrogen injection into California gas grid: a strategy to solidify demand to drive supply. Hydrogen has a much lower energy density than natural gas on a volumetric basis. For this reason, end-users of a blended gas would require a higher volume of gas to achieve the same number of British Thermal Units versus end-users consuming pure natural gas. Hence, a 5% blending of hydrogen by volume does not directly translate into a 5% displacement of fossil fuel consumption. As hydrogen blending increases, the average calorific content of the blended gas falls, and thus an increased volume of blended gas must be consumed to meet the same energy needs. For instance, a 5% blending by volume of hydrogen would only displace 1.6% of natural gas demand.”
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Re: Blending Hydrogen With Natural Gas

Unread postby Subjectivist » Fri 18 Dec 2020, 19:02:40

REAL Green wrote:“Injecting hydrogen in natural gas grids could provide steady demand the sector needs to develop”
https://www.spglobal.com/platts/en/mark ... to-develop

“Governments and utilities worldwide are looking to low- and zero-carbon hydrogen injection into the natural gas grid to displace fossil fuel consumption and reduce emissions. S&P Global Platts Analytics’ Scenario Planning Servicetook an in-depth look into this topic in an April special report, Hydrogen injection into California gas grid: a strategy to solidify demand to drive supply. Hydrogen has a much lower energy density than natural gas on a volumetric basis. For this reason, end-users of a blended gas would require a higher volume of gas to achieve the same number of British Thermal Units versus end-users consuming pure natural gas. Hence, a 5% blending of hydrogen by volume does not directly translate into a 5% displacement of fossil fuel consumption. As hydrogen blending increases, the average calorific content of the blended gas falls, and thus an increased volume of blended gas must be consumed to meet the same energy needs. For instance, a 5% blending by volume of hydrogen would only displace 1.6% of natural gas demand.”


So based on the numbers in the cited link if California dedicated 100% of its renewable electricity to Hydrogen production for blending it could displace 31.25% of natural gas by volume. Unfortunately due to the energy density difference only 10% of the Natural Gas by actual usage would be displaced after consuming every watt of green electricity generated for a year.
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