http://www.guano.com/
I happen to like this example a lot. If there was specific production data by-year, we could construct a depletion curve for it. Also this is not the best reference. there is a book "The World that Trade Created" that has the story in even better detail.
Guano, the accumulated excrement of sea fowl, was once found in great abundance on islands off the coast of Peru. It was extremely popular as a fertilizer for tobacco in the SE US. Conditions have to be just right (lots of sun, no rain, lots of fish and seabirds) to get this type of deposit, so kinda rare.
In the 1850's it was considered such a "strategic material" that the US President, James Buchanan, saw fit to deploy the US military in the area to "protect the supply".
There were also a lot of scams, use of slave labor, and other forms of exploitation to get/force people to do the unpleasant job of digging this stuff up and bagging it and sending it to Maryland. Packaging was in burlap bags, hence the term "guano sack", aka "gunny sack".
Predictably, within a few years, despite the best efforts of the sea fowl, the natural endowment of guano was depleted, causing a lot of economic hardship for Peru, and causing the development of alternate chemical fertilizers in the US. The locals still harvest the stuff, but there is a strict "Guano Protocol" enforced by the Peruvian government, to the effect that guano harvest is only permitted to the extent that it is replenished every year, and there are limits to the harvest of the local anchovies, the food of the sea birds, so as to ensure an ongoing production stream.
Lot of similarities, I think, with the current situation.
Let the bad puns and wisecracks begin.