Compared to the domestic manufacturing scenario, the carbon footprint and the energy payback time are almost doubled in the overseas manufacturing scenario. The carbon footprint of the modules made in Spain (which has a cleaner grid than the average in Europe) is 37.3 and 31.8 gCO2e/kWh for mono-si and multi-si, respectively, while the energy payback times are 1.9 and 1.6 years. However, for the modules made in China, the carbon footprint is 72.2 and 69.2 gCO2e/kWh for mono-si and multi-si, respectively, while the energy payback times are 2.4 and 2.3 years.
Only the carbon payback is double, not the energy payback. The energy payback is only 25-50% larger. Quite a far cry from double.
MonteQuest wrote:But think about that. From 2009 to 2014, all the solar panels in the world, viewed as one large energy generating plant, did not generate any net energy or CO2-savings. Looks like we are going to have to relocate where we build and install these puppies.
That's because the factories are rapidly expanding production and the installed base was relatively small. The carbon debt of solar is all front loaded in it's manufacturing phase. But they will continue to produce carbon free power for the rest of their life. Nothing needs to be done on this front as the situation will correct itself. The installed base will continue to grow and age, racking up more carbon free electricity(or should I say "carbon debt already paid electricity"). Meanwhile, the growth rate of Solar PV will slow down. Nothing grows at such high growth rates forever.
peripato wrote:It's the worst of all possible worlds. We pump the carbon into the atmosphere instantly, whilst squandering FF's for a questionable outcome.
The worst of all possible worlds? I see it as the best. We are diverting carbon expenditures not into consuming the fossil fuels as a feedstock, which denies their use for any other purpose as it is a one shot affair. But instead are using that carbon to embody energy into a device that will produce electricity for decades to come. And we are making that carbon expenditure now, when it is cheap. If we wait to do this later when the FFs go into decline, we will face a double whammy of needing more FF expenditure to ramp up Solar PV and at the same time supplies get tighter because of declining production. If that were not enough of a reason, that embodied energy is still present in the silicon at the end of the panel's life. It doesn't just disappear into the ether. It can be recycled into the next generation of Solar PV panels for a tiny fraction of the original energy cost.
The oil barrel is half-full.