[Tanada]

If or when the Mosul Dam breaks it will pour flood waters through multiple cities and through the Iraqi oil export facilities in Basra and possibly those of the Kuwaitis as well further down stream.

A tragedy is just waiting to happen in one of the largest cities in the Middle East, engineers warn. The Iraqis who built the dam structure for the Mosul dam warn that the structure is “increasingly precarious” and threatens to kill 1 million people. They also said the government’s answer has been ridiculous.

The Mosul Dam is the largest dam in Iraq, providing electricity for the 1.7 million residents of Mosul. However, it has a long record of instability. Built in an unstable geological setting, the earthen embankment dam is located on top of gypsum, a soft mineral which dissolves in contact with water – a recipe for disaster. Leaks began right after the dam was built in 1986, with 24 machines continuously pumping grout into the dam base. More than than 50,000 tonnes of material have been injected, but did little to stabilize the structure. A September 2006 report by the United States Army Corps of Engineers noted, “In terms of internal erosion potential of the foundation, Mosul Dam is the most dangerous dam in the world.”

Now, the engineers responsible for building the structure in the first place warn that the situation is reaching critical levels, after winter snows melted and more water flowed into the reservoir, raising pressure. After the city was more or less under the control of the Islamic State, the injection machinery wasn’t operated anymore and the maintenance crew was dissolved. The government was slow in reacting, and while negotiations with an Italian construction firm for carrying out urgent repairs is being discussed, no agreement has been reached.

Nasrat Adamo, the dam’s former chief engineer who spent most of his professional career patching the fundamental flaws of the dam said that the situation has been disastrous after ISIS.

“We used to have 300 people working 24 hours in three shifts but very few of these workers have come back. There are perhaps 30 people there now,” Adamo said in a telephone interview with the Guardian. “The machines for grouting have been looted. There is no cement supply. They can do nothing. It is going from bad to worse, and it is urgent. All we can do is hold our hearts.”

“The fact that the bottom outlets are jammed is the thing that really worries us,” said Ansari, now an engineering professor at the Luleå University of Technology in Sweden. “In April and May, there will be a lot more snow melting and it will bring plenty of water into the reservoir. The water level is now 308 metres but it will go up to over 330 metres. And the dam is not as before. The caverns underneath have increased. I don’t think the dam will withstand that pressure.

He also warned that if the dam actually collapses, the consequences will be incalculable. There’s no backup plan, no evacuation plan, and officials don’t seem interested or able to deal with this problem.

“If the dam fails, the water will arrive in Mosul in four hours. It will arrive in Baghdad in 45 hours. Some people say there could be half a million people killed, some say a million. I imagine it will be more in the absence of a good evacuation plan.”

The US embassy in Baghdad has already warned American citizens to leave the city. We don’t know when the dam will collapse, but this scenario is becoming more and more likely.

http://www.zmescience.com/research/tech ... -03022016/

[Tanada]

NBC kind of makes it sound even worse than the first report!

Almost 1.5 million Iraqis are in danger of being killed by a wall of water if the dismally maintained Mosul dam collapses, a former senior government engineer who was once in charge of the country's dam system warned on Thursday.

While the government of Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi has sought to downplay the risk of a collapse of the country's largest dam, earlier this week it advised many residents of the heavily populated Tigris River valley to move at least 3.5 miles away from its riverbanks.

The U.S. Embassy in Baghdad said a collapse of the dam in the north of country would be "serious and unprecedented." Some 500,000 and 1.47 million Iraqis would "probably would not survive" the wave, while water could reach depths of 45 feet in the nearby city of Mosul, it said in a statement.

Cities downstream on the Tigris River such as Tikrit, Samarra and the Iraqi capital Baghdad could be inundated with smaller, but still significant levels in the event of a breach, U.S. officials warned on Sunday.

Mosul was conquered by ISIS around two years ago and is the militant group's major Iraqi stronghold.

On Wednesday, the Iraqi government signed a 18-month contract worth around $296 million with Italian engineering company Trevi for the upkeep of the facility. Mahdi Rasheed, the general director of the Iraqi Dams Company, told NBC News that Trevi would start sending workers and equipment within days but it would take between two and three months for the repairs to start.

Nasrat Adamo, who was the chief engineer at Iraq's Irrigation Ministry which oversaw the building and upkeep of the country's dams, told NBC News he was afraid Trevi's work would not come soon enough.

"All the figures quote between 500,000 to 1.5 million people in the path" of a collapse, "but at least a few hundred thousand people will be killed immediately," he said in a telephone interview from Sweden.

"The flood wave is so fast that it would arrive to [the city of] Mosul in two hours and the city would be under 25 meters [82 feet] of water," Adamo said, citing the findings of a 1984 study conducted by the Iraqi government.

From the day it the dam was inaugurated in the early 1980s it has required intensive maintenance with crews having pour cement under its foundation continuously in what is known as "grouting."

In 2006, a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers report called it "the most dangerous dam in the world,."

Fears for the dam's safety worsened as fighting between ISIS, which has conquered swathes of the north of Iraq, and Iraqi forces, intensified in the past years.

In August 2014, Iraqi and Kurdish forces recaptured the dam from ISIS after militants briefly held it.

http://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/1-5-m ... aq-n530861

[diemos]

No Iraqis would die if the dam failed ... kurds would die.

And there's all you need to know to understand the response of the Arabs in Baghdad to the situation.

[Subjectivist]

No Iraqis would die if the dam failed ... kurds would die.

And there's all you need to know to understand the response of the Arabs in Baghdad to the situation.

Oh for Pete's sake! Take a look at a map, the river that will flood runs the whole length of Iraq from north to south and ends up in the Persian Gulf!

[vox_mundi]

No Iraqis would die if the dam failed ... kurds would die.

And there's all you need to know to understand the response of the Arabs in Baghdad to the situation.

Got that right!

Iraq's Mosul Dam at risk of bursting as erosion takes its toll

... Budget shortfalls due to the slump in oil prices and political rivalry between the central government in Baghdad and the regional government of the semi-autonomous Iraq Kurdistan have hampered urgently needed repairs.

State Department: Security Message for U.S. Citizens: Baghdad (Iraq), Planning for Possible Collapse of the Mosul Dam

Floods>Near East > Iraq>2/29/2016

The disruption of maintenance operations in 2014 increased the risk of the Mosul Dam collapsing. The Government of Iraq (GOI) is preparing to initiate emergency maintenance operations to reduce the risk of failure.

A dam failure would cause significant flooding and interruption of essential services in low-lying areas along the Tigris River Valley from Mosul to Baghdad. Some models estimate that Mosul could be inundated by as much as 70 feet (21 meters) of water within hours of the breach. Downriver cities such as Tikrit, Samarra, and Baghdad could be inundated with smaller, but still significant levels of flooding within 24-72 hours of the breach.

The Embassy would be extremely limited in its ability to assist in the event of a crisis. Therefore, the Embassy recommends that U.S. citizens in Iraq, especially those who reside in the floodplain of the Tigris River, do the following:

Prepare your own contingency plans. Detailed guidance on developing a personal contingency plan may be found on the Department’s website on natural disasters. (Your on your own, suckers)

While it is impossible to accurately predict the likelihood of the dam failing, the Embassy has made contingency plans to relocate its personnel in such an event.

[Outcast_Searcher]

So, as a non-engineer, at the risk of asking a stupid question -- could first world technology help here?

In other words, if the US actually cares about Iraq, how about getting engineers, equipment, funding, etc. and helping (at least) shore the thing up short term, if not fix it for the long term?

This would seem MUCH more productive than, say, "regime change" or other (often unwanted) interference in the region. Oh, and such programs if successful, which actually save lives and demonstrate goodwill would surely do more to reduce recruits wanting to sign up to attack the US, than say, droning various people and wondering why we're hated as innocent civilians are killed as a side effect.

[Tanada]

So, as a non-engineer, at the risk of asking a stupid question -- could first world technology help here?

In other words, if the US actually cares about Iraq, how about getting engineers, equipment, funding, etc. and helping (at least) shore the thing up short term, if not fix it for the long term?

This would seem MUCH more productive than, say, "regime change" or other (often unwanted) interference in the region. Oh, and such programs if successful, which actually save lives and demonstrate goodwill would surely do more to reduce recruits wanting to sign up to attack the US, than say, droning various people and wondering why we're hated as innocent civilians are killed as a side effect.

Because the dam was built in a location with unsuitable geology the best case scenario is to drain the reservoir as quickly as possible in a safe manner and then remove the remnants of the central dam structure so it will not refill above a minimal level in the future. From what the different engineering teams have said the best they can hope for with the permanent grouting campaign is to stay one step ahead of structure failure. Because they never excavated down to solid bedrock when they built the thing in the early `1980's there is no permanent repair that can be done.

[Outcast_Searcher]

So, as a non-engineer, at the risk of asking a stupid question -- could first world technology help here?

Because the dam was built in a location with unsuitable geology the best case scenario is to drain the reservoir as quickly as possible in a safe manner and then remove the remnants of the central dam structure so it will not refill above a minimal level in the future. From what the different engineering teams have said the best they can hope for with the permanent grouting campaign is to stay one step ahead of structure failure. Because they never excavated down to solid bedrock when they built the thing in the early `1980's there is no permanent repair that can be done.

Thanks Tanada. I've read a few articles on this now per the links above, etc.

So from what I gather:

1). Only about 10%ish of the needed grouting team is in place, since the ISIS capture of the dam.

2). Aside from consulting with some dam repair firm, the US and Iraqi government is doing little or nothing aside from issuing warnings.

I guess I just question the priorities. Losing electrical power the dam provides is an issue, but killing hundreds of thousands would seem of far graver concern.

So one wonders why they don't do the safe draining ASAP, and then look to perhaps construct another dam (properly) in a safer place, if one is needed longer term.

Maybe for the same reason the US doesn't meaningfully maintain much of its infrastructure.

[Synapsid]

Who'd have thought that building a dam on gypsum was not a very good idea?

[Subjectivist]

Who'd have thought that building a dam on gypsum was not a very good idea?

Anyone who has seen what happens when drywall gets water damage?

[vox_mundi]

Italian engineers are working to shore-up the dam but some are skeptical about its long-term durability. Nadhir Al-Ansari is one such person. He is a professor at Sweden’s Lulea University of Technology Department of Civil, Environment and Natural Resources and Engineering Mining and Geotechnical Engineering and an engineer from the days the dam was built. He has a long-term proposal for how to solve this issue.

He told Rudaw English that merely shoring up the dam isn’t an adequate enough long-term solution. “The solution,” he said, “is to continue to complete Badush Dam downstream Mosul Dam which is designed to hold the wave in case Mosul Dam fails. This is the permanent solution.”

Much like South Korea’s Peace Dam this would mitigate the major disastrous affects the potentially inevitable collapse of Mosul Dam would pose. Ansari went further and suggested “that once they build that [Badush] dam, they can build a smaller dam upstream Mosul Dam so that they can supply the Aljezera Irrigation project with water.”

By putting additional funds forward to building up Badush Dam Ansari believes that could offer an alternative to the unreliable and potentially lethal Mosul Dam. “Electricity can be temporarily supplied to Mosul through the construction of gas and electricity stations until Badush is completed,” Ansari explained. “Then this dam can supply Mosul and other cities with electricity and serve the same function.”

Baghdad has long been reluctant about spending the $10 billion needed to finish Badush. The war against ISIS and the fall in the world price of oil have also had a strain on its financial reserves. However, after years of downplaying the threat, it too is acknowledging the dangers of the dam collapsing. And without taking solid steps and a solid plan of action, like the one outlined by Ansari, this dam is an unthinkably devastating disaster waiting to happen.
http://rudaw.net/mobile/english/analysis/04032016

The U.S. embassy’s overview of a breach scenario said 500,000 to 1.47 million Iraqis living in areas most exposed to the flood wave along the Tigris River would probably not survive if they were not evacuated.

People in Mosul and Tikrit would have to move five or six kilometres away from the riverbank to reach safety, it said.

Residents living farther downstream in Samarra, where the flood wave could overwhelm a smaller dam and the water would spread out, would in some cases have to flee as far as 16 kilometres.

The contingency plan said large parts of Baghdad would also be flooded, including the international airport.

It pointed out that many areas most affected by the flood wave are either controlled by Daesh or contested, making a state-directed evacuation unlikely.

“Some evacuees may not have freedom of movement sufficient to escape,” it said, adding that the sick, disabled and elderly could end up being left behind.

The study said the disaster could shut down the entire Iraqi electricity grid, durably damage much of the country’s best farmland and leave the capital flooded for weeks.
http://gulfnews.com/news/mena/iraq/us-r ... -1.1681496

It may be a coincidence that apocalyptic American warnings that Mosul’s giant dam could imminently collapse, potentially killing 1 million Iraqis, come at the very moment when US and Iraqi forces are preparing an all-out assault on the city, the main stronghold of Islamic State (Isis) terrorists in the country.

But the alarmist language employed by the US embassy in Baghdad to describe a long-standing, well-documented problem – the dam has had serious issues since it was built in 1984 – suggests concerns over the safety of Mosul’s residents are not the only calculation at work.

In their dreams, US commanders tasked with vanquishing Isis might privately relish the thought of a flood of biblical proportions sweeping away the black-hearted evildoers. In a flash, the ancient lands of Mesopotamia, from contested areas north of Mosul all the way down the Tigris river valley to Baghdad, would be cleansed of the jihadist abomination.

This is the stuff Hollywood movies are made of. But what is really going on? The US admits it has no specific information indicating if or when a breach might occur. It implies that, given lack of effective, ongoing maintenance, the risk of collapse is higher than previously. But it provides no new evidence. In 2006, the US army corps of engineers called Mosul “the most dangerous dam in the world” – but that did not trigger wild talk of imminent calamity.

A possible clue to American thinking was contained in the embassy’s statement. “ Much of the territory projected to be damaged by a dam breach is contested or Isis-controlled, suggesting an authority-directed evacuation is unlikely, and that some evacuees may not have freedom of movement sufficient to escape,” it said.

In other words, the not-so-subtle American panic-stations message to Mosul’s Sunni Muslim majority is: here’s another reason not to put your faith in Isis, to reject the caliphate and all its works, and to support the Iraqi government’s efforts to reintegrate your city. If the dam blows, for whatever reason, Isis will abandon you. They will leave you and your children to drown.
http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfre ... propaganda

Or, as Gasmom said ... Inshallah - It is the will of Allah.

SATAN VS. SATAN: THE USE OF BLACK PSYOP TO REGAIN THE TACTICAL INITIATIVE IN THE COUNTERINSURGENCY FIGHT

U.S. Naval College

Deceive. Deceive is to cause a person to believe what is not true (FM 3-13). Military deception seeks to mislead insurgent decision makers by manipulating their understanding of reality. Successful deception causes them to believe what is not true.

Col. James A. Treadwell, director of the Joint Psychological Operations Support Element, a part of Tampa-based U.S. Special Operations Command. "If you want to influence someone, you have to touch their emotions."

[Tanada]

Who'd have thought that building a dam on gypsum was not a very good idea?

What I really want to know is how much more it would have cost to dig away the Gypsum and get down to a more solid layer of bedrock? When they built the Hoover and Glenn Canyon dams back in the big days of dam construction in the USA they mined out everything until they got down to granite bedrock to build up from.

[Synapsid]

Tanada,

Hoover Dam is indeed founded in strong rock but Glen Canyon Dam is not. The Navajo Sandstone that the dam is built into is porous and permeable and the last estimate that I saw was that about a third of the water that has flowed into the reservoir has soaked into the walls. The sand grains are held together by a calcareous (water-soluble) cement. This was not a good place to build a large dam.

The US was invited to help Egypt build the Aswan High Dam in the same kind of setting, some years after the overthrow of the monarchy, but refused, as I recall. I expect the reasons for the refusal were mostly political, but maybe there was input from geologists too.

So a decade or so later we built the Glen Canyon Dam.

[Subjectivist]

While the battle to free the Iraqi city of Mosul from ISIS control began this week, what is threatening the millions of people living in that area could be something different from guns and car bombs, as the city hosts what is now considered the most dangerous dam in the world.

According to US Army engineers, the dam was built on ‘karst’ foundation, water-soluble rocks that are hastening subsurface dissolution. Since its commissioning in 1985, maintenance crews have had to continuously pour liquid cement under its foundation to fill the cracks, an operation called grouting, in order to keep the structure stable and secure. Without these constant injections, Iraq’s biggest dam would soon collapse causing a humanitarian disaster.

According to the European Commission’s science and knowledge service, the Joint Research Center (JRC) 2016 technical report, “In recent years, adequate maintenance has not taken place, leading to concerns about the safety of the dam”.

http://english.alarabiya.net/en/perspec ... orld-.html

[Tanada]

Lots of pictures plus a video report at link below the quote.

Inside Mosul Dam, Iraq's biggest potential weapon of mass destruction

EXCLUSIVE – From the crack of dawn to a starry dusk, hundreds of technicians from around the world can be seen against a backdrop of pale-colored mountains and a still, sapphire reservoir. It appears serene and picturesque, but those workers are rushing to salvage Iraq’s deteriorating Mosul Dam – which was once under ISIS control and straddles the Tigris River just 40 miles upstream from the city of Mosul.

Failure to reinforce and maintain the dam could mean unleashing what is, in effect, a potential weapon of mass destruction.

“When we started, the risk assessment regarding the potential fate of the dam was very high. And ISIS had stolen everything that was here,” Carlos Morales, deputy project manager for Trevi, the Italian company awarded the repair and maintenance contract to prevent catastrophe, told Fox News on a recent exclusive visit to Mosul Dam.

The dam, the largest in the country with the capacity to hold 3 trillion gallons of water, controls the flow of the Tigris River north of Mosul and supplies electricity to more than a million residents. The Army Corps of Engineers estimates that if the dam ruptures, it will send floodwaters crashing more than 200 miles downstream – swallowing villages and much of Mosul City with waves as high as 80 feet. In addition, floodwaters could reach as far as Baghdad and potentially result in the loss and displacement of millions of lives and up to $20 billion in damages.

Furthermore, a 2015 study from the European Commission’s Science Center concluded that even a partial fissure that released just one quarter of its full capacity would be disastrous. The concern even prompted an urgent memo from the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad in March 2016, cautioning Americans to “avoid areas within three miles of the river and have a plan in case of emergency.”

Progress is being made. Since the emergency work began just over a year ago, some 15,000 metric tons of cement have been poured into the 370-foot structure and more than 150 miles of electrical grids have been installed. Also, some of the “critical grouting,” the pumping of a mixture of clay, water and cement into the dangerously soft bed of gypsum on which the dam wall rests has been completed. Another year of critical grouting is planned.

The dam, which has been a cause of concern since it was built in 1984 and known at the time as the “Saddam Dam,” was captured by ISIS in August 2014 in the early onslaught of the terror group. Although it only controlled the area for 10 days before being run out by Kurdish and Iraqi forces, the massive structure has deteriorated badly as it has not received mandatory maintenance from either ISIS or, subsequently, coalition forces.

The Trevi Group is calling its work a “success” -- so far -- yet the intense pace of its work must be maintained for the sake of scores of lives downstream of the dam. The Iraqi government has not yet officially renewed the group’s contract, which the Iraqi government says was worth about $300 million and funded in large part with a loan from the World Bank. That contract expires this spring.

Discussions are underway about continuing the Trevi partnership into 2019, as the Iraqi government has acknowledged ongoing risks to the dam, an officials with the Corps told Fox News.

“Some grouting results look promising, but uncertainty will remain until grouting efforts have progressed across the full length of the dam,” the representative of the Corps said. “The Ministry of Water Resources has concluded that a second year of grouting and training is necessary.”

The Trevi contract also came with the Italian government’s promise to deploy 450 troops to guard the vulnerable area while repairs are underway. Along with protecting workers, the soldiers – led by the Praesidium Task Force of the 3rd Alpine Regiment of the Italian Army – have been training Iraq’s counterterrorism forces and have implemented initiatives to support the local hospitals, schools and families inside the small villages that make up the Mosul Dam community.

“We’ve been cooperating with the Italian taskforce with the objective of protecting the dam and the people around it,” explained Iraqi counterterrorism leader, Maj. Ahmed. “But the idea long-term is for us not only to help in a military way, but in a humanitarian way, too.”

LINK

[Newfie]

Who’s this may sound cold and without compassion.....so what?

Think about it, 500 million are at risk due to this dam. How many are at risk due to cc, or nuclear weapons, or over population?

Sure this grabs emotions because of the potential immediacy. It strikes me it points to humanities inability to think about it reaact to long term threats.

[Subjectivist]

Who’s this may sound cold and without compassion.....so what?

Think about it, 500 million are at risk due to this dam. How many are at risk due to cc, or nuclear weapons, or over population?

Sure this grabs emotions because of the potential immediacy. It strikes me it points to humanities inability to think about it reaact to long term threats.

Doesn't this river flow right past the major oil export terminal? Seems like a crashing wall of water might mess things up a lot!

[Newfie]

Well, maybe we would be forced to conserve a bit. Bad thing or good thing?

[Tanada]

Mosul Dam Emergency Preparedness Plan | United Nations Development Programme

Programme Summary

Mosul Dam, one of the largest dams in the Arab region, was built in the early eighties on the Tigris River. The Dam poses significant risks, should it fail, due to the highly soluble gypsum layers lying beneath its foundation. Catastrophic failure of the Dam could generate a tsunami wave 45m high and threaten the downstream population in Mosul city within 2-4 hours. Should the Dam collapse, it is feared that over 500,000 lives could be lost and even the capital, Baghdad, might be inundated by flood waters of up to 8m within 60-70 hours, affecting a total of 4-6 million people along the Tigris River floodplain.

With funding from the USAID, UNDP has supported the Government of Iraq (GoI) to establish emergency alert and communication protocols designed to warn populations along the flood-path, in the event of dam failure. Targeted messaging was developed and delivered through multiple platforms to raise risk awareness in vulnerable communities and Iraqi officials were trained on dam safety operations, including participation in drills/simulations. UNDP continues to support the GoI to expand its efforts and adopt emergency preparedness measures, which include an end-to-end warning system, community preparedness, risk education and dam safety practices.

The current phase of the project aims to improve preparedness to ensure increased capacity to respond to crisis at the national, provincial and local level, should the Mosul Dam collapse.
Key activities under the current phase include

1. Rapid deployment of preparedness training and tools to operationalize the Governorate preparedness plans

2. Risks advocacy for the vulnerable communities expanded and strengthened

3. Simulations/drills conducted to ensure readiness and strengthen emergency preparedness at all levels

4. Volunteers network strengthened for community early warning and evacuation

5. Emergency preparedness and safety measures of major Dams strengthened

6. Major facilities protected along the Tigris flood plain to avoid domino impact

7. Environmental risks of toxic and chemical pollution mitigated along the Tigris flood path.
Implementing Partners and beneficiaries

The National Operations Centre (NOC) in the Prime Minister’s office the Implementing Partner of the Project, while Governorates of Baghdad, Ninewa and Salah Al Din are the key stakeholders at the governorate level. Also key beneficiaries of the Project Also the Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health and Environment are primary stakeholders for implementation of school and hospital preparedness activities respectively. The Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR) is a key stakeholder and beneficiary of the dam safety interventions. A wide variety of other stakeholders include the National Security Council (NSC), Civil Defence, and the private sector companies/industries. Local communities, district and sub-district local authorities along the Tigris flood path in the three governorates are the primary beneficiaries of the Project.
Responsible Parties

Iraq Red Crescent Society (IRCS) – The IRCS is the responsible party for community awareness and preparedness interventions of the Project, targeting youth, and most vulnerable communities. Key activities include awareness raising through face to face activities, SMS, media and social media.

World Health Organization (WHO) – WHO is the responsible party for hospital preparedness in 20 hospitals in the vulnerable governorates. The key activities include training of doctors and nurses, preparedness plans of hospitals and health centers and drills.

UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF) – UNICEF is the responsible party for child-centric risk awareness and school preparedness in 100 schools in the three governorates. Key activities include development and dissemination of awareness materials, teacher’s training, student awareness, drills and upgrading of selected schools as emergency evacuation centers.

What we have achieved so far



More than 40 governorate, district and local Civil Defense Disaster Management Committees formed.

Training on flood preparedness for governorate and district officials targeting 100 officials.

An Emergency Alert and Communication System (EACS) for Mosul Dam emergencies was put in place in coordination with PMNOC. The system ensures that timely risk notifications are sent promptly to the highest executive level and evacuation orders would be disseminated promptly to all concerned parties at the federal and provincial levels as well as communities at risk of inundation.

Flood Preparedness Plans developed in Ninewa, Salah al-Din and Baghdad Governorates to address the impact of flood.

A Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) strategy finalized including a methodology for the identification of critical infrastructure.

UNDP is developing an emergency preparedness plan for ten major facilities in Baghdad and a capacity building program for GoI experts to develop emergency preparedness plans for more facilities.

More than 2 million users reached with social media messages on flood awareness.

200 volunteers identified and volunteer trainers were trained to establish a volunteer network for risk preparedness along the Tigris River.

100 school selected for awareness and 19 to serve as emergency evacuation centers.

Curriculum developed for awareness raising of school teachers and students.

Schools being upgraded as flood evacuation centers.

Assessment on safety and emergency preparedness conducted for Mosul, Haditha, Dukan, Darbandikhan, and Hemrin Dams.

A mitigation plan for the environmental impact of chemical/ toxic contamination from Mosul Dam is ongoing in coordination with the MoHEnv.

LINK