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Page added on October 31, 2015
If the global energy industry innovates, the oil age may not have to end
Societal demand to move beyond fossil fuels has become mainstream almost overnight. This leads us to the question: What comes after oil? As someone who hunts for novel energy technologies for a living, I have been in search of the answer.
To mark Earth Day in April, the Earth League, a network of institutions working to respond to the most pressing issues facing humanity , released a statement saying that 75 per cent of known global fossil fuel reserves must stay in the ground, to avoid the effects of climate change.
Climate scientists have been telling us that to avoid a rise in temperature of more than 2 C, we will need to cut emissions to nearly zero by about mid-century, even as the world’s population grows to nearly 10 billion people.
If we consider this “unburnable carbon” scenario, what is the future for oil?
To answer this question, I think it is worthwhile to consider where we have come from with respect to oil. The choice for using oil in our transportation system was made at a time when climate change was not an issue, and that choice has revolutionized our way of life. We have been living in the golden age of oil and have seen global oil consumption more than triple in the past 50 years. Projections from sources such as the International Energy Agency, the U.S. Energy Information Administration and other sources indicate that global demand will continue to grow, albeit at a slower pace.
With the advent of new technologies in North America, such as hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, long horizontal wells, 3-D seismic surveys and steam-assisted gravity drainage, the world’s reserves of oil have been extended by several decades. Russia, Saudi Arabia and the United States produce a third of all the oil in the world, the equivalent of more than 30 million barrels a day – and these three countries have shown that they are capable of increasing production even more.
Other key countries capable of significantly increasing production include Iran, Iraq, Brazil, Nigeria, Kazakhstan, Venezuela and Canada.
There are 43 countries that produce over 100,000 barrels of oil a day and these countries are dependent on the significant taxes and other revenue that oil production generates. The positive economic impact of oil makes it difficult for countries to simply walk away from its production. We face that same reality in Alberta and Canada.
Ten years ago, experts spoke about “peak oil” and the economic consequences when supply would no longer meet demand. Today, we are speaking about “peak demand” – we have reached a point when we have too much supply. There is considerable uncertainty about the future balance between supply and demand for oil use in our transportation systems.
There is no question that the world is transitioning away from fossil fuels. What is not clear, however, is how many more decades we will still be using oil.
To start with, there is no ready-made replacement for it. This is unlike the case of coal, for example, where cheap natural gas can serve as an immediate substitute in North America. Substitutes for oil in vehicles exist – biofuels, natural gas, plug-in-hybrids, battery electric and hybrid electric – but they are not as convenient as gasoline and diesel. It is difficult for alternatives to compete with the high energy content, portability and range provided by oil products and the existing infrastructure that has been designed around these fuels.
That said, there are possibilities for breakthroughs, such as wireless charging, which could allow electric car owners to charge their vehicles as they drive. But this type of technology is still a long way from general use because of the infrastructure required to support it, and we still need the electricity source to be a low- or zero-carbon emitter.
We are also seeing rapid advances in engine and vehicle design that may reduce oil demand. This will be a positive outcome, since about 75 per cent of the emissions attributed to vehicle use come from burning gasoline and diesel when we drive. The other 25 per cent is production-related.
In an ideal world, the energy transition already would be well advanced but, realistically, oil is likely to remain our chief transportation fuel for some time yet. This means we have to take accelerated action to make oil resources more sustainable. In other words, we have to find ways to use less energy and other resources in the production of crude.
Eric Newell, best known for his years spent as CEO of oil sands company Syncrude Canada Ltd. and the current chairman of Alberta Innovates – Energy and Environment Solutions, is fond of saying: “It is technology and innovation that has got us to where we are, and it is technology and innovation that we need to get us to the next stage.”
Managing oil sands greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions will be challenging. Currently, GHG emissions of oil-sands-derived crudes, on a life-cycle basis, are similar to other heavy crude from California, Venezuela, Mexico and China.
The near-term target is to have GHG emissions of Alberta oil sands below that of conventional crude. It is possible. Innovation, especially in the short term, can bring about a reduction of some 20- to 30-per-cent in the production and conversion of bitumen to transportation fuels, including:
- Energy efficiency to reduce costs and energy intensity at the same time,
- Co-generation (producing combined steam and power), and
- New recovery technologies, such as use of solvents and electromagnetic heating.
Combined, these advances can make up the gap with conventional crude.
In the medium term, having a greener electricity grid will be a major asset as the world moves to electrification. Some of the processes in oil sands can benefit from switching to non-fossil-fuel-based green electricity.
Alberta has made a strong commitment to energy storage, in order to allow more renewables to come onto the grid. Fuel switching, increased use of renewables (wind and solar) and biofuels are essential components of a renewable strategy. Also, smart metering and energy conservation can help us take action day to day in Alberta.
In the longer term, to reduce oil sands emissions further, industry will need to consider the use of small modular nuclear reactors and/or carbon capture and storage. Today, these technologies have significant cost barriers and societal concerns to overcome.
Alberta Innovates – Energy and Environment Solutions has a portfolio of a dozen CCS projects that are at different stages of development, and there are a couple that promise to cut costs by at least a third. We now need to advance these technologies to demonstrate this kind of performance in field operations.
At the same time, Albertans are advancing carbon utilization technologies that produce high-value goods from greenhouse gases, including production of chemicals. Conversion of carbon to valued products often requires power input. Such a power source has to be GHG-free – another reason to want a greener grid.
Lastly, we are starting to see academic work on uses for oil that go beyond burning it in vehicles. Can we find major new uses, such as using it to make carbon-fibre products that can be used as advanced materials to replace structural steel, or as carbon-reinforced wood?
There is a long way to go to fully understand the opportunities to turn oil and carbon into value-added products, but we need to quicken our pace.
Just as the Stone Age never ended because we learned to use stones for higher-valued products, the oil age may not have to end if we can find uses for carbon and oil that are of high value and non-emitting.
67 Comments on "If the global energy industry innovates, the oil age may not have to end"
ghung on Sat, 31st Oct 2015 8:14 am
“There is no question that the world is transitioning away from fossil fuels.”
Sure. That’s why global consumption is at or near all-time highs, excepting coal perhaps. Any meager alternatives to oil have been in-addition-to; not some “transition away”. As for the rest of this dribble ……..
onlooker on Sat, 31st Oct 2015 8:42 am
This article seems to be advocating continued use of FF albeit with more efficiency and slowly transitioning away from them. This might have worked if we had started some 20 to 30 years ago. Now with societies in developed countries needing oil just to stay afloat and with poorer countries adopting oil use, where will the spare oil to jump start a new greener economy come from. Oh and guess what GW is not going away and every bit more of CO2 is just burdening the climate system even more even as extreme climate change seems to be looming ahead. My favorite quote “Dammed if we do dammed if we do not”
eugene on Sat, 31st Oct 2015 8:47 am
It’s called “faith” brothers and sisters. Just have “faith”. We all just gotta have “faith”.
claman on Sat, 31st Oct 2015 9:03 am
“There is a long way to go to fully understand the opportunities to turn oil and carbon into value-added products, but we need to quicken our pace.”
I have a perfectly well working black’n decker power drill from the sixties. I have scrapped wonderfull cars because I couldn’t get spare parts. Fridges and chainsaws went the same way.
A way to save a lot of waste and energy, would be to standardice the products we buy, so that they could be not just repaired but also upgraded.
The motor mountings in a car should allow the change to a new and better engine . Power tools should have a common standard for batteries, and that goes for cellphones too. Electronics should in generel be build from modules that can be repaired or upgraded without changing the whole unit.
Oh yes, we got a long way to go
claman on Sat, 31st Oct 2015 9:24 am
Onlooker ” “Damned if we do damned if we don’t”
If we love the internet and our cars, we’ll have to start some where.
I fully get the prepper idea, but I’m not gonna give up that easy.
rockman on Sat, 31st Oct 2015 9:31 am
Since 2000 thru 2014 global coal production has increased 75%. Granted it has declined in the US in recent years. But globally it has essentially plateaued since 2012. No update for 2015 but in in 2014 the world consumed as much coal as it ever has in its entire history.
Might best to wait to start using the phrase “transitioning away” until the world actually starts. Especially with projections that China, and in particular India, are expected to significantly increase consumption in the future.
penury on Sat, 31st Oct 2015 9:36 am
Another solution to a predicament is needed. Dr Tech to the rescue,STAT, What the article says to me is that the current way of live is hosed, and there is no other way of life available short of complete retrenchment away from the majority of energy waste.
claman on Sat, 31st Oct 2015 9:44 am
Rockman, Couldn’t agree more.
India is eyes wide open, going into deep shit :
http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21672359-prime-minister-wants-india-grow-fast-over-next-20-years-china-has-over-past-20
Rodster on Sat, 31st Oct 2015 9:46 am
The problem is that our current civilization has been designed and built around oil. The second problem is the eCONomy and trying to switch to something new while we’re in a Depression and hoping that it doesn’t trigger a full blown collapse.
An energy switch requires investment and capitol which is being used to prop up the global house of cards.
So looking at things objectively, the task is daunting and littered with minefields. This is why many are calling our era as end of the oil age and when it goes it looks to take everything it built with it.
onlooker on Sat, 31st Oct 2015 9:57 am
Onlooker ” “Damned if we do damned if we don’t”
If we love the internet and our cars, we’ll have to start some where.
I fully get the prepper idea, but I’m not gonna give up that easy.”
That is okay Cla, we all are attached to our playthings in rich countries. Just saying we must be truthful with ourselves in admitting we are feeding the global warming monster.
claman on Sat, 31st Oct 2015 10:28 am
@Onlooker: “Just saying we must be truthful with ourselves in admitting we are feeding the global warming monster.”
Should we then give up technology just because the rest of the world want’s our way of living and in the meantime “accidentially ” doubbled their numbers.
Please allow the rest of the world the responsability and right to decide theire own future. Then we’ll do what is right for us ourselves.
The rest of the world are at the moment making a lot of really wrong decissions that we westeners can’t do anything about.
Rodster on Sat, 31st Oct 2015 10:46 am
“Just saying we must be truthful with ourselves in admitting we are feeding the global warming monster.”
SRM – Solar Radiation Mgmt also plays a huge part in GW. It’s not only burning FF’s that gets you rising temps.
claman on Sat, 31st Oct 2015 10:50 am
Clarifying: “The rest of the world are at the moment making a lot of really wrong decissions that we westeners can’t do anything about.”
The rest of the world are basically ignoring the problems around over population. They have all kind of reasons to do that, but the fact is that they don’t care. Their prime goal is BAU.
Dave Thompson on Sat, 31st Oct 2015 10:54 am
There is absolutely nothing that will replace what FF’s do in all sectors of industrial civilization. Anything even remotely approaching FF replacement takes FF’s to do so in the first place.
claman on Sat, 31st Oct 2015 11:22 am
Dave : If you think that it will take FF to replace FF, then we agree completely.
Boat on Sat, 31st Oct 2015 11:54 am
Texas wind power reached 37% of electricity use for one day a couple weeks ago.
claman on Sat, 31st Oct 2015 12:19 pm
Cool Boat, I guess that was an extreme, but that’s where we are heading.
onlooker on Sat, 31st Oct 2015 12:32 pm
Yes overpopulation and wanting to live like us is making matters much worse. But we in the meantime in rich countries continue with our BAU. That is my what my quote is about. Just realizing that we had and have a modern lifestyles at a price in terms of what awaits us in the future meaning a less hospitable world both climatically and economically. You could say we have sacrificed the future for the sake of the present
apneaman on Sat, 31st Oct 2015 12:39 pm
Ya boat, all sorts of records being smashed in Texas. Jacked up weather courtesy global warming – the same GW you claim will not be an issue until well after you are dead and gone. Tell yourself.
Airport smashes rainfall record, causing historic flooding
http://kxan.com/blog/2015/10/30/airport-rainfall-smashes-record-causing-historic-flooding/
Hurricane Flooding May Cost Texas Billions
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-10-25/hurricane-flooding-may-cost-texas-billions-after-mexico-s-luck?utm_source=climatenexus&utm_medium=referral
Two dead as torrential rains, tornadoes lash central Texas
http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/10/30/us-texas-tornado-idUSKCN0SO1O220151030
Boat on Sat, 31st Oct 2015 12:49 pm
One day there won’t be enough water to frack and the next there are floods. Overall the hurricane didn’t do much. Much todo about nothing. But considering the hundreds of billions invested close to the coast it has to happen sometime.
claman on Sat, 31st Oct 2015 12:57 pm
@onlooker : . “You could say we have sacrificed the future for the sake of the present”
I’m not saying that we couldn’t build a reasonably future. I’m saying that if we choose not to act while it’s still possible, then we have to be preppers or doomers. Choose yourself.
onlooker on Sat, 31st Oct 2015 1:02 pm
The problem with that is first for those who still are attached to their modern lifestyle well they may not choose to “act”. Yet the bigger problem is just a few acting like us on Peak Oil.com would not make an iota of difference to the entire trajectory of the human species. It would take huge masses of people to change their ways!
Boat on Sat, 31st Oct 2015 1:24 pm
onlooker,
doomers have children and continue to add to the overshoot of population while I have no children and my carbon footprint will end with me. The blame for population overshoot does not end with non doomers. LOL
claman on Sat, 31st Oct 2015 1:26 pm
@Onlooker:”would not make an iota of difference to the entire trajectory of the human species.”
Allright, so why doesn’t we, as westerners, choose to make our own trajectory, and let the others choose their ways ?
Boat on Sat, 31st Oct 2015 2:44 pm
Renewables news,
Wind energy provided more new U.S. electrical generating capacity than any other resource did during the first nine months of 2015, according to the latest Energy Infrastructure Update report from the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). Citing the FERC statistics, nonprofit SUN DAY Campaign says 26 new “units” of wind power accounted for 2,966 MW – or, more than 40.76% of all new U.S. capacity – during the period.
Furthermore, the group says the combined capacity from renewable energy sources, including wind, biomass, geothermal, hydropower and solar, during the first three-quarters of the year made up 60.20% of the 7,276 MW of new generation placed in service – much more than the new total from coal, nuclear and even natural gas.
apneaman on Sat, 31st Oct 2015 2:59 pm
Groovy boat. What percentage of global electrical supply does it put wind at? I know solar is at a whopping 1-1 1/2%. Me, I just follow the Keeling curve – which keeps climbing every single year no matter how many hopey alt energy stats tards throw around.
Boat on Sat, 31st Oct 2015 3:04 pm
oil news,
Oil output from the giant Eagle Ford field tumbled by almost 227,000 barrels a day, or 13%, between September and April, which marked the peak for the seven most prolific U.S. shale regions, according to federal estimates. That field’s drop accounted for 90% of the overall decline.
But that drop may be only temporary. Several of the biggest operators in the Eagle Ford are still drilling wells and putting off extracting the oil until prices rise. U.S. oil now sells for under $50 a barrel, less than half the price a year ago.
Leaving the oil in the ground from an unfinished well saves a company millions of dollars up front and provides it with reserves that can quickly be tapped if prices rebound, said Jason Wangler, an analyst with investment firm Wunderlich Securities Inc.
In South Texas, companies can take a wait-and-see approach without worrying about the weather impeding production—as it does for long stretches in snowy, cold-weather states like North Dakota.
One wonders if financing will be easy for wells already drilled. Will frackers find it easier to time the market price. It’s a new world with new solutions.
I always thought the US government should do this. Develop the oil and keep the well capped till a price level is reached then turn on the tap. Recap the wells at a low price level.
Boat on Sat, 31st Oct 2015 3:22 pm
apeman,
When it comes to energy look every 2-3 years, it changes slowly because it is so huge. Even nat gas that is taking out coal will happen over decades. In decades renewable will also take market share while FF decline. The writing is on the wall. The post just shows the beginning of renewables.
claman on Sat, 31st Oct 2015 3:30 pm
Why don’t we rename this site to peakalot.com. I’ve checked on google and it seems like the name is available
Ed on Sat, 31st Oct 2015 3:59 pm
1. There is no substitute for fossil energy. Renewable and nuclear energy require fossil energy for its build out, maintenance and replacement.
2. Without fossil energy the carrying capacity of the Earth is less than half of our present population (being optimistic)
3. Without fossil energy the energy consumption per capita will be below 2kWh per day as opposed to about 200kWh per day that we in the developed world consume now.
3. By the end of the century fossil fuel extraction will be essentially down to zero.
4. There is nothing we can do about it.
5. The implications of these four points above are so horrific that the best strategy for most people is to deny or ignore them; which is what this article does.
claman on Sat, 31st Oct 2015 5:38 pm
Ed: “There is nothing we can do about it.”
Ed :Why don’t you go drown your self.
We on the higher latitudes can certainly do some thing about it.
A lot of you doom sayers are really a pest for the rest of us who try to do something, while you just lay back and dispair.
We can’t prevent further heating of the earth, but we we can put an upper limit to it.
The Ed’s of the world will die in their couches, while industrious people around the world will find a way to cope.
Kenz300 on Sat, 31st Oct 2015 6:49 pm
All Fossil fuel companies need to transition to “ENERGY” companies and embrace safer, cleaner and cheaper alternative energy.
Wind Power Now Cheaper Than Natural Gas for Xcel, CEO Says – Renewable Energy World
http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/articles/2015/10/wind-power-now-cheaper-than-natural-gas-for-xcel-ceo-says.html
Ed on Sat, 31st Oct 2015 7:40 pm
“Ed :Why don’t you go drown your self.”
Ha, ha. Who’s despairing – not me, Mr Claman. I’ve accepted our fate.
You need to embrace reality and enjoy life now while we are at the apex of the petroleum oil. Things are going fall apart pretty soon when our energy descent begins.
shortonoil on Sat, 31st Oct 2015 7:51 pm
“We can’t prevent further heating of the earth, but we we can put an upper limit to it.”
Guess you have never heard of Nuclear Winter?
Actually there have been a number of proposals to cool the earth put forth over the years. It is simply a matter of restricting the amount of sunlight reaching the earth. Solar shields have been proposed, and creating a dust cloud some 100 miles high in the outer atmosphere is another. Of course the oil age will soon end, world economies will collapse, and the aerosols that are warming the earth will settle out, and the temperature will fall. 2 or 3 degrees Celsius should be enough to bring about a world wide famine. That should solve the GW, and over population problem. What’s to worry about?
makati1 on Sat, 31st Oct 2015 8:11 pm
As individuals, all we can do is make decisions and act on them. Decide where you want to spend the coming collapse and then prep for it as much as possible. If for no other reason than to try to minimize the pain and suffering for you and yours.
The end is already written. No amount of unicorn hugging, tech worshiping, or wishing upon a star is going to change anything in the real world. The Petri dish is beginning to overflow. The last grains of sugar are being eaten. Collapse is inevitable for this homo sapien bacteria. Once you accept that, it makes the decisions easier.
Did you know that, world wide, suicides have doubled in the last year or so? Interesting fact. I suspect that it will triple and quadruple in the years ahead as many will not be able to cope with living in the chaos coming to a neighborhood near you.
claman on Sat, 31st Oct 2015 8:18 pm
Short, There is nothing to worry about because you have allready decided for doom.
For the rest of us who still find hope, there is a lot to worry about.
But I would still like to cite what old Rice Miller once said in a song : “There’s a whole lot of people just talking, but there’s a mighty few people who know.”
And I think he’s got it right. What do we know about the future ?
Boat on Sat, 31st Oct 2015 8:52 pm
clanman,
“There’s a whole lot of people just talking, but there’s a mighty few people who know.”
And I think he’s got it right. What do we know about the future ?
Especially when it comes to geopolitics.
claman on Sat, 31st Oct 2015 9:07 pm
Cool Boats. 3 in the morning. Sleep tight
makati1 on Sat, 31st Oct 2015 10:11 pm
claman, we know that there is less and less of what we need to survive. That is a fact. And there are more and more of us who need. That too is a fact. And all the dreams and believers in tech and some miracle change from our fairy god mother will not change it.
Humans are what we are and we were not able to change that in 10,000 years of ‘civilization’. Why do you believe that it will change in the next 10 years or so?
GregT on Sat, 31st Oct 2015 10:17 pm
claman,
Short was being facetious.
“The Ed’s of the world will die in their couches, while industrious people around the world will find a way to cope.”
Ed is correct claman. Especially on his point number 5 about denial, which is exactly what you are doing.
We do not face problems. We face predicaments. Predicaments do not have solutions.
GregT on Sun, 1st Nov 2015 12:16 am
@boat,
“Especially when it comes to geopolitics.”
While geopolitics undoubtedly have the ability to speed up the process, they do not defy the laws of physics. Where we are headed is non-negotiable. The big question is not a matter of what is in store, but rather how long it will take to get there, and how bad it will get. Of course there are countless possibilities, but none of them will be remotely pleasant for the vast majority of us.
GregT on Sun, 1st Nov 2015 1:56 am
Just revisited this thread and read this:
“Ed :Why don’t you go drown your self.
We on the higher latitudes can certainly do some thing about it.
A lot of you doom sayers are really a pest for the rest of us who try to do something, while you just lay back and dispair.
We can’t prevent further heating of the earth, but we we can put an upper limit to it.”
And very sadly laughed out loud.
The higher latitudes will be the first affected by global warming, the Arctic is heating up much more rapidly than any other area on the entire planet, and will continue to do so.
Many of us “doom sayers” here are already ‘doing something’. How about you Clam man, what are you doing? Quit your job yet? Moved to a small sustainable community? Learning to be self sufficient? Or more of the same shit that got us all into this mess to begin with.
We can’t prevent further heating of the Earth, because what we’ve done in the past is already baked into the cake, for at least the next 4 decades. We also no longer have any control over the upper limits. There are so many positive self re-enforcing feedback mechanisms in play now, that it is difficult to guess which one will be responsible for the runaway greenhouse event that will render our planet inhospitable for life as we presently know it. My bet is on the one that appears to have already been triggered, the Methane Clathrate gun. Of course that will also trigger at least 31 other known positive self re-enforcing feedback mechanisms. But who’s counting? Right?
If you feel the need to post here clam, then educate yourself. We don’t need any more idiots spouting off about shit that they don’t understand. Many of us here progressed beyond the denial stage that you are now in, a very long time ago. You are doing nothing more than adding stupidity to an already dire situation.
If you are not interested in reality, then start up a chat group with Boat. You guys appear to be on about the same level.
Ed on Sun, 1st Nov 2015 2:46 am
Steady on now Greg. Lets not get personal. Claman has a point of view and he has a right to express it. It adds to, and stimulates the debate; and with debate, comes awareness.
Lets stick to facts, engage and challenge other people’s opinions with logical arguments of your own.
GregT on Sun, 1st Nov 2015 3:17 am
Ed,
What exactly do you believe that I have written above, is not factual, and is a matter of opinion? What debate do you believe still exists amongst the scientific community? And in what way do you believe that a point of view changes the scientific data?
onlooker on Sun, 1st Nov 2015 4:14 am
I think Greg is simply pointing out that some are not offering any sound and coherent arguments but rather baseless opinions and dubious arguments. We who are more realistic are interested in furthering the debate along realistic lines not gibberish.
claman on Sun, 1st Nov 2015 4:30 am
Ed, I’m sorry about the “go drown yourself” thing.
It’s just that I have lovely grandkids running around my knees, and I just can’t tell them they are gonna lose it all. I’ll admit that the prognosis for the earth and humanity doesn’t look good. I comfort my self with the fact that it’s a beautifull morning, the leaves are bright yellow and red and the kids are happily playing.
In moments like that doom just isn’t good enough. I might be denying facts, but so be it.
GregT: “There are so many positive self re-enforcing feedback mechanisms in play now,”.
Oh yes there is, but I also remember back in the sixties when my father and I were watching the few bald headed eagles(european edition) that were left, he said to me : “watch them closely, because when you’re a grown man they’ll all be gone.”
That was the in the haydays of DDT.But today things have changed and now there are eagles all over the place.
I’m sorry if I was a little harsh last night, but I do need hope. If not for my self, then at least for the kids.
makati1 on Sun, 1st Nov 2015 6:56 am
claman, most of us here have kids or grand kids and some, like me, have great grand kids we love. But, we have lived in a part of the world that has been spared the usual life experiences of the less fortunate. That makes it all the more painful.
Should you ever live in the 3rd world and see what most parents have to deal with on a daily basis, you would see that even now, you are the lucky one. And, who knows, maybe they will have a not so bad world to grow up in? It will be different, for sure. All you can do is try to help prepare for their future as best you can. That is all any of us can do.
JuanP on Sun, 1st Nov 2015 7:45 am
Boat “doomers have children and continue to add to the overshoot of population while I have no children and my carbon footprint will end with me.”
I am a doomer. I had a Vasectomy. I have no children. Therefore, YOU ARE WRONG!
I congratulate you for having no children, but have you sterilized yourself?
Davy on Sun, 1st Nov 2015 7:51 am
Shut the up Mak, you are speaking about the world in an unintelligent generalized way. You fail to understand with all that sadness and despair in the third world there are many there that have found a simple happiness. The same is true in the developed west. Material wellbeing is a significant factor in happiness but only so far before it leads to other happiness pressures. Not all are destitute in the third world. There are many destitute in the developed world as you indicate redundantly in your puke de-jure. You make me sick with your blame game agenda of winners and losers. I wish you would go off to your jungle faux farm and get blown into the dirt by a typhoon. Then you will be a good spokesman for being destitute.
Kenz300 on Sun, 1st Nov 2015 9:08 am
Climate Change is real….. we will all be impacted by it……
Exxon’s Climate Change Cover-Up Is ‘Unparalleled Evil,’ Says Activist
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/exxon-evil-bill-mckibben_561e7362e4b028dd7ea5f45f?utm_hp_ref=green&ir=Green§ion=green
———–
Oil and Gas Companies Make Statement in Support of U.N. Climate Goals – The New York Times
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/17/business/energy-environment/oil-companies-climate-change-un.html?&moduleDetail=section-news-2&action=click&contentCollection=International%20Business®ion=Footer&module=MoreInSection&version=WhatsNext&contentID=WhatsNext&pgtype=article