Page added on June 25, 2012
ASPO is a no-budget loose association of people interested in studying Peak Oil. It was formed in 2002 (10th anniversary this year) by Colin Campbell and Kjell Aleklett, both petroleum geologists. The term Peak Oil (which often creates confusion – I don’t know how many times I had to say “no, not Pig Oil – Peak Oil”) by the way was “created at that moment”. They thought that ASOP (Association for the study of the oil Peak) did not sound so good so they changed the word order. The community meets yearly and consists of scientists and analysts /consultants. All speakers are on invitation only and there are mainly plenary sessions. Many speakers are contributors of the community’s main communication platform The Oil Drum, which is a high profile, quite strictly edited blog and one-stop-shop for everything related to Peak Oil (PO).
The conference was organized extremely professionally and had top sponsors and speakers:
Vice mayor of Vienna (Vassilakou) Christoph Chorherr (Green Party President Vienna) Yves Cochet (EU Parlament member)
All presentations will be on the web and you tube soon.
The following represents a bullet-point style summary of my main take-home messages.
Content:
Main drivers/issues for Oil and Energy at the moment
The state of the Peak Oil Debate in ASPO today
A nice summary of the main discussion points was presented by Paul Hohen:
According to Hohen, the main Analysis Gaps are:
The lack of appropriate official institutional and policy response
The reasons why politicians do not want to touch PO are mainly two:
This of course would explain why official statistical bodies (IEA & EIA) are put under pressure, not to unpack the issue publicly. If someone “important” would use the word Peak Oil publicly that would cause chaos and confusion on the markets.
Rainer Kummel: Politicians are smarter than the general electorate. They know about Peak Oil. But if they would propose any measures the tabloids would beat them.
Michael Cerveny: People are made to believe that high oil prices were due to speculation. Hence many think it was a temporary phenomenon. Now SUV sales are going up again. And people continue to install oil heating systems. Policy makers should warn people that high oil prices are here to stay.
Another problem are mainstream economists, who advise governments and politicians. They insist that there are no risks and that there are still 40 years of supply (Jeremy Leggett, UK industry task force on PO). According to one UK secretary of state, tar sands still offer vast amounts of oil. When Jeremy asked, if he/she knew about their actual flow rates, he/she replied: We are economists, we don’t do such details. Moreover Jeremy reports from a secretary of state which first agreed to an oil shock response plan, but 6 months later denied everything.
Possible Impacts
Robert Hirsch: Important: Peak Oil is not an energy crisis but a liquid fuels crises!
There will be many similar phenomena to those seen during the 1970s oil crises: lines at the petrol station, public anger, rationing. People will be in pain.
We should stop talking about % decreases of emissions. It’s the absolute numbers that count! Even 2 degrees temperature rise may be too much for tipping points. 1,5 would be better – but both are below most optimistic IPCC estimates. Changing that is said to be economically not feasible – but a safe operating space for humanity is more important than temporal economics.
Michael Klare presented a very gloomy outlook for what’s going to happen in his book “The Race for What’s Left: The Global Scramble for the World’s Last Resources”. He explains the Oil factor behind wars – from WWI and how the “Carter Doctrine” justifies US military intervention if the free flow of oil from the middle east is in danger. This discourse was quite open until the campaign “no blood for oil” with Bush I. Then however the discourse changed to that of weapons of mass destruction and fighting terrorism. Another speaker – Daniele Ganser – said there were people who therefore doubt the official 9/11 story.
According to Karin Kneissel – WWI is still not over. The territorial fragmentation continues. Borders in the middle east were drawn according to pipe lines. Nevertheless, future resource wars are not going to be located there, but in the South Chinese Sea, where large gas fields are. There is a certain sentiment of the revenge of the colonized against the former colonizers. China is much faster in securing resources. Europe took 10 years trying to reach consensus over building the Nabucco Gas-Pipeline and failed. The Chinese on the contrary just built a 8000 km pipeline in only 11 months.
Resource Nationalism is a useless concept which does not explain the increasing control over natural resources according to Olivier Rech. Moreover it a dangerous concept, as it sounds like countries should be forced to share their resources freely. Different cultures have different ways of viewing intergenerational equity. In the US, UK and the Netherlands for example individualism is dominant – not so in Saudi Arabia – where decisions should be taken for the good of the community.
According to Alexander Pöegl, oil markets are manipulated purposefully by the super powers:
A wide consensus emerged that the financial system will inevitably collapse, because outstanding debts are borrowed future growth, which will not happen anymore as it was fueled by cheap resources. Fiat money is no longer working if energy prices increase constantly. Hence many European countries are now printing money for buying the oil they can no longer afford – the EURO crises being a direct effect of the oil crunch.
Fiat money is no longer working if energy prices increase constantly. Many European countries are now printing money for buying the oil they can no longer afford.
Nate Hagens: Money is created through loan. Before this wasn’t a problem. Money was scarce and there were many opportunities; now this has changed. Debt is a reallocation of resources over space and time: from the periphery to the center and from future to present generations. Now every dollar of debt produces only one dollar or less. The problem is that standard economists thought that oil would behave like any other product – become cheaper and cheaper. Without debt we would be in recession since 2008 – what we do now will make the fall sooner and steeper – debt speeds up extraction process.
One possible remedy for one part of this problem was presented by Thomas Bachheimer (Gold Standard Institute): The big problem is that we have limited sources of oil (energy) and an unlimited yardstick to measure it i.e. US$. The amount of the latter is increasing, while oil is decreasing. Instead Oil should be traded in gold as no other commodity is relatively so stable. At the moment we have the unacceptable situation that the US as the only country in the world can print money to buy oil.
Solutions
Thinking about solutions is the main challenge for ASPO according to many of the present speakers and participants. The Association was formed to warn about Peak-Oil not to present solutions. If this does not change quickly ASPO will remain publicly irrelevant (just like the Club of Rome) according to Meadows.
“Prediction is difficult especially about the future!” (Niels Bohr)
Solutions are easy
This is not a golden age, but the retirement party of the oil age (Arthur Berman). “If something sounds too good to be true, it probably is.”
The industry is losing money with it (Arthur Berman), because the wells are extremely expensive and have very fast decline rates (Euan Mearns). This is particularly the case since gas prices in the US have collapsed. Temporarily some good wells may still be subsidizing bad ones.
Disadvantages of shale gas:
Obviously everyone is in favor of renewables, but there is big tension between those who preach “100% renewable is possible without radical systemic changes” (Jeremy Leggett, Peter Droege, Karen Smith-Stegen, Claudia Kemfert), and those who only see a limited scope for RE of around 10% of the current energy mix and therefore a need for (and desirability of – Hagens) sufficiency (Nate Hagens, Pierre-René Bauquis, Yves Cochet, Jeremy Gilbert, Rob Hirsch, Meadows, Reiner Kummel..). Austria for example has a strategy to become Energy autarkic by 2050 including a complete restructuring of the energy system and Electricity autarkic by 2012 according to the ministries. Berlin for example is apparently already Energy-independent (Peter Droege). Wind alone, so it is argued by another speaker, could provide 4-5 times global conventional energy demand. Berlin is already Energy-independent (Peter Droege). To many (e.g. Michael Klare), RE are the only hope for avoiding collapse and resource wars.
The middle ground of these positions is covered by Nakicenovic’s idea of “transition”, driven strongly by efficiency and maybe Wolfgang Streicher’s “100% Renewables for Austria by 2050” (the study does not include the Rucksack of imported goods which amount to about 44%). On the technological side of renewable Audi is currently working on combating the main problem of RE – cyclicality, with its system of power-to gas conversion (Hermann Pengg).
Pierre-René Bauquis is the only one in favor of Nuclear due to the limited scope of RE. Even though he claims that with solar energy we might have a “wild card”, as progress is difficult to predict. Total (which he worked for) is still the only oil company which openly talks about Peak-Oil. Gilbert and Hirsch would be among those being in favour of more exploration of fossil fuels. Hirsch would also be in favour of pushing Coal-to-liquid. Gilbert calls the media and public reaction after the Gulf of Mexico an exaggeration (new technology inevitably has risks and costs – if we want more oil we have to accept that). The Rimini (oil cap) protocol, which he recalled himself, is an unrealistic dream, as we do not want to reduce our consumption voluntarily.
Not surprisingly, many “100%-no-problem people” have vested interests in the renewable energy industry or work within the framework of such projects (e.g. Smith-Stegen for Desertec , which is according to critics – despite the good intentions – solar colonialism – this caused quite some debate).
The answer given throughout was the huge power of the oil lobby, which is interesting, as many people at the conference work or have worked for that industry at some point (insiders). The energy industry, the incumbency, works hard to keep us in the fossil fuel age in order to keep power production centralized says Jeremy Leggett for example, The hope/assumption of many (e.g. Aleklett) is that a new energy system will be democratised. This however is exactly what “Big Oil”does not want. So every new small find of oil or shale continues to be celebrated like a new Quatar (The Economist: Drowning in Oil).
Fossil fuel subsidies are still 312 Billion US$ compared to 57 Billion US$ for RE (Claudia Kemfert). A major problem of the renewables industry and for investors is that banks don’t provide loans at acceptable rates.
Solutions are difficult but possible
Even though the IMF just reaffirmed that high oil prices have nothing to do with the economic crises, many of the most prominent speakers agree that PO is a major game-changer and means the end of Capitalism at least in its present form.
Meadows compares the economy to a race car which goes at 200 km/h. Taking off one tire does not mean it will go at 150 km/h – it will not go at all. The economy cannot take an oil price of above 200 US$ – it will collapse. The Eurocrisis to him is due to high oil prices.
Euan Mearns: Capitalism is based on cheap fossil fuels and a free licence to pollute. Both are changing now, being the death knell of capitalism – the fall over the net energy cliff. It is clear that the economy can only take certain levels of oil prices. If it’s more than 6-7% of GDP, then the economy goes into recession.
According to the cost-share-theory the energy sector has no importance as it only represents about 5% of costs. Hence only capital and labour were included in the production function. This neoclassical cost-share weighting always resulted in a 0,5 % residual (Solow residual), which is traditionally attributed to technological progress (liker manna from heaven). In fact only 50% of GDP growth can be explained that way. Professor Kummel produced a model (KULEC model), with which he shows the true contribution of the Energy sector to the productive powers of Germany (almost more than the other factors together: capital, labour and creativity).
He concludes: Energy is cheap and productive while labour is expensive and “unproductive”, which explains why the latter is replaced by the former wherever possible. Wealth goes to those who own, control and use resources. He is critical of the “Energiewende” as hasty decisions could lead to dirty outcomes. He proposes most of all taxing energy instead of labour.
Petro Prieto: But that would cause capital flight, energy should be taxed globally. Kummel: Yes but thats even more difficult.
Energy Slaves: It takes a human being 11 years to provide the same amount of energy contained in one barrel of oil. Energy is the largest driver of economic growth – more than technology.
A lot of consumption is due to status – the peacock-phenomenon. The problem with easy solutions (i.e. renewables, electric cars, etc.) are the externalities e.g. high water footprint of electric vehicles. The current economic activities make it difficult to satisfy important human needs: being social, empathy, … A lot of consumption is due to status – the peacock-phenomenon. We should work to consciously change that, which however is difficult – similarly to telling a teenage girl do dress ugly.
On pessimism vs. optimism he argues that the former is a kind of cowardice, as it often implies no action. He is pessimistic about our current economic system, but optimistic about what comes after. Less does not have to be bad. A systemic alliance is needed. We know if 10% understand this well the rest follows very quickly (critical mass). He used to be a Wall Street broker and earned lots of money, he now has spent most of it, owns a house in the countryside, spends a lot of time gardening and with his dogs …. is happy. It should not go unmentioned that this last presentation received by far the longest ovation of all.
4 Comments on "Everything You Missed At The Big Peak Oil Conference In Vienna"
BillT on Mon, 25th Jun 2012 3:19 pm
A ‘feel good’ club, patting each other on the back and thinking they accomplished something while spending energy to talk about it.
Perhaps they know what is happening, but it doesn’t change anything and nothing will be changed until it all does collapse and we are forced to change. Yes, renewables may replace 10% of our current energy use, but only until the machines that were made and powered by oil are worn out. Then even the renewables will fade into history.
I would love to have an energy study made on just one wind powered generator and tower life time from mines to recycle. It would prove that they cannot exist without oil to provide the energy to even make them possible. Ditto Solar panels, wave action, etc. Even bio-fuels will require massive energy inputs to make them possible in larger scale than back yard moonshine stills.
Bladerhoffen on Mon, 25th Jun 2012 3:34 pm
Good to know that these old gentlemen still take the time to get away to get together once and awhile.
It would be nice to collect all the old meetings and overlap the talks, year to year. What has changed? What is the same?
How many more decades or longer will we see much the same replayed? Better not guess the answer to that, at least don’t do it publicly.
Replayed predictions give us all a good laugh.
christian phillip on Tue, 26th Jun 2012 7:52 am
i congratulate all these smart people….now get ready for canibalism and keep waiting….bye.
St. Roy on Sat, 30th Jun 2012 3:07 pm
I think ASPO needs to morph to an organization that is more more temporal rather and geological in name such as: Citizens for the Awareness of Declining Net Energy (CADNE) or something like that with a more powerful sound bite acronym.