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It is a geological fact that at least half of the world deposit of hydrocarbons are made up of heavy and extra heavy crude
for you and me that means bitumen , scarcely different from pitch , road tar and such
the reserves are quite impressive and as this is the left over of badly capped deposits ,often accessible from the surface
the best known deposits are the Canadians tar sands , the Orinoco belt and others in Mexico , California , Estonia and many other places , this resource has been known since the Summerians 4000 years ago
the American hemisphere is singularly blessed with this crap , making it a cornucopia of energetic wealth
Refiners and producers love it not , in fact they hate the stuff ,
dealing with it has send many an oil engineer crying with frustration
they would rather get their hands on anything else ,
go to the end of the world and drill the very bottom of the oceans before having to work with it .
It can be done but it's trouble , mucho trouble ...all trough the production chain
a pain to extract , to transport ,to process , unfriendly environmental impact , with lousy economics .
still one has to deal with the world as it is not as one wishe it.
peak oil is peak easy street , the future is crap processing , peak crap is looming over the far horizon