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THE Volcano Thread Pt. 2

Re: THE Volcano Thread Pt. 2

Unread postby Subjectivist » Sat 25 Mar 2017, 17:40:30

An underwater volcano on a small, remote island in Alaska's Aleutian chain has erupted 36 times in the past four months.

Dubbed by some as "one of the most active volcanos" in the United States, the volcano that sits under Bogoslof island has prompted the Alaska Volcano Observatory to issue red alerts to aircrafts after it began spewing ash plume up to 20,000 feet into the sky.

The island has reportedly tripled in size as a result of the pyroclastic fall from the volcanic eruptions and flow deposits.

According to the University of California at Santa Barbara's Volcano Information Center, pyroclastic flows stand to be "one of the most dangerous of volcanic phenomenon." The destructive masses are basically "hurricanes of hot gases and volcanic particles."

But humans have nothing to worry about, for now.

The entire land mass is protected by the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge System, so there aren't any human inhabitants on this volcano or the other reported 160 active volcanoes in that section of the Pacific Oceans called the "Pacific Ring of Fire."

Photos taken last year show the volcano erupting through an offshore vent under water.

"You can see in these images that a new volcanic cone is being built," Michelle Coombs, a USGS geologist told the New York Times in 2016. "If it continues, it might build a cone that is above seawater."


https://www.aol.com/article/news/2017/0 ... /21943337/
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Re: THE Volcano Thread Pt. 2

Unread postby ROCKMAN » Sat 25 Mar 2017, 18:27:57

Sub - If it keeps growing perhaps we'll have our own "fire giant":

Surtsey ("Surtr's island" in Icelandic, pronounced /ˈsʏr̥tsei/) is a volcanic island located in the Vestmannaeyjar archipelago off the southern coast of Iceland. Surtsey is the southernmost point of Iceland. It was formed in a volcanic eruption which began 426 ft below sea level, and reached the surface on 14 November 1963. The eruption lasted until 5 June 1967, when the island reached its maximum size of 1 sq mi. Since then, wave erosion has caused the island to steadily diminish in size: as of 2012, its surface area was 1/2 sq mi). The most recent survey (2007) shows the island's maximum elevation of 509 ft above sea level.

The new island was named after Surtr, a fire jötunn or giant from Norse mythology. It was intensively studied by volcanologists during its eruption, and afterwards by botanists and other biologists as life forms gradually colonised the originally barren island. The undersea vents that produced Surtsey are part of the Vestmannaeyjar submarine volcanic system, part of the fissure of the sea floor called the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Vestmannaeyjar also produced the famous eruption of Eldfell on the island of Heimaey in 1973. The eruption that created Surtsey also created a few other small islands along this volcanic chain, such as Jólnir and unnamed other peaks. Most of these eroded away fairly quickly.
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Re: THE Volcano Thread Pt. 2

Unread postby rockdoc123 » Sat 25 Mar 2017, 18:43:41

here is another article on the Bogoslof Island eruption. In the article they also show a postcard photo from back in 1900 showing an underwater eruption.
http://www.ktva.com/pilots-report-eruption-bogoslof-island-volcano-avo-issues-warning-769/
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Re: THE Volcano Thread Pt. 2

Unread postby sparky » Mon 27 Mar 2017, 03:07:20

.

Volcano index photo Bogoslof | Fox Islands (USA) | 53.93°N, 168.03°W | Elevation 150 m

AVO reported that no significant volcanic activity at Bogoslof was detected in seismic or infrasound data during 15-21 March, and satellite views were either obscured by clouds or showed nothing noteworthy. Slightly elevated surface temperatures were identified in satellite images during 16-17 and 20-21 March. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Warning.

Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)


there is four new activity reports , making the monitored total of present volcanic activity at 19
all are in well known activity zone

4 in the south Asia rim ,
4 in Russian East ,
6 in South America
and one each in Sicily ( Etna ) ,Hawaiian Islands and the Aleutian Islands

From the Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report
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Re: THE Volcano Thread Pt. 2

Unread postby dohboi » Sun 24 Sep 2017, 17:18:28

A major eruption of Mount Agung in [Bali] Indonesia could happen at any time. This volcano has potential to temporarily cool the global climate.
https://twitter.com/EricHolthaus/status ... 1376771072

Bali’s Mount Agung threatens to erupt for the first time in more than 50 years
https://theconversation.com/balis-mount ... ears-84356

Mount Agung in Bali at highest alert level 4. These are the alert levels for volcanoes in Indonesia. @USConGenSby @usaidindonesia
https://twitter.com/usembassyjkt/status ... 2826939392

More tremors as Mt Agung threatens to erupt
http://www.perthnow.com.au/news/western ... 77a2170161

thanks to sig at asif for these
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Re: THE Volcano Thread Pt. 2

Unread postby M_B_S » Sun 24 Sep 2017, 17:28:58

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Re: THE Volcano Thread Pt. 2

Unread postby dohboi » Tue 26 Sep 2017, 09:50:25

Thanks for those relevant papers, mbs.

Here's more:


Vulcanologists are predicting a significant volcanic eruption of Mount Agung in Indonesia in the next few days


http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-09-19/m ... on/8959240

There is an expectation that it could be as significant for global weather as the My Pinatubo eruption in 1991. The Mt Pinatubo eruption reduced global Temperatures by about 0.1 degree for three years after which it resumed the previous climb having no long term effect.

In the Arctic the effect lasted about three years and temperatures were lowered by 0.5 degrees. If this eruption is as big as Mt Pinatubo we should expect a recovery in the Arctic Sea Ice extent, and volume over the next three years.

(But a crash in grain supply...)

thnx to dr at asif for link and text
Last edited by dohboi on Tue 26 Sep 2017, 10:15:17, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: THE Volcano Thread Pt. 2

Unread postby M_B_S » Tue 26 Sep 2017, 10:09:04

dohboi wrote:Thanks for those relevant papers, mbs.

Here's more:


Vulcanologists are predicting a significant volcanic eruption of Mount Agung in Indonesia in the next few days


http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-09-19/m ... on/8959240

There is an expectation that it could be as significant for global weather as the My Pinatubo eruption in 1991. The Mt Pinatubo eruption reduced global Temperatures by about 0.1 degree for three years after which it resumed the previous climb having no long term effect.

In the Arctic the effect lasted about three years and temperatures were lowered by 0.5 degrees. If this eruption is as big as Mt Pinatubo we should expect a recovery in the Arctic Sea Ice extent, and volume over the next three years.

(But a crash in grain supply...)

*********************

The magma chamber is big i hope its not bigger than Pinatubo..... Krakatau:?

=> "A year without summer" with 7-8 billion people on earth would be an apocalypse for sure
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Re: THE Volcano Thread Pt. 2

Unread postby dohboi » Tue 26 Sep 2017, 10:27:12

Indeed, and we may soon find out:

Bali volcano eruption could be hours away after unprecedented seismic activity


https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/ ... ount-agung
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Re: THE Volcano Thread Pt. 2

Unread postby GHung » Tue 26 Sep 2017, 10:41:24

The first chart below shows the energy created by these tremors, while the second shows the frequency of tremors, increasing dramatically since the start of September.

Image

Image

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/09 ... 5000-flee/


Mount Agung in Bali is experiencing unprecedented levels of seismic activity and could erupt in a “matter of hours” if tremors continue, Indonesia’s volcanology centre has said.

More than 75,000 people have been evacuated in the last few days as Agung, the highest point of the island, has experienced hundreds of internal volcanic earthquakes.

“Instrumentally we have never recorded such high energy or seismicity from Mount Agung,”
Devy Kamil Syahbana, a seismologist from Indonesia’s centre for volcanology and geological hazard mitigation, told the Guardian.

Data showed that Mount Agung experienced 844 volcanic earthquakes on Monday, and 300 to 400 earthquakes by midday on Tuesday, he said. “We need to pay attention because these kinds of earthquakes indicate the movement of magma and increase the probability of an eruption....”

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/ ... ount-agung
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Re: THE Volcano Thread Pt. 2

Unread postby M_B_S » Tue 26 Sep 2017, 16:08:48

Dejavu?
Image
http://www.volcanocafe.org/krakatoa-a-b ... -the-past/

Image

http://big-volcanic.com/agung-volcano-n ... i-volcano/


Speculating on Agung Eruption Possibilities

No eruption occurs as the magma pushing from below can’t produce enough energy to reach the surface.
An eruption occurs, but it only produces a small eruptive event or lava flow.
An eruption occurs, starting with throat clearing and potentially pushing out a new lava flow. Once the de-gassed magma is cleared from the upper conduits, the gas-rich magma starts to erupt in a much more explosive manner, creating an eruption in the range of VEI-4 to VEI-5.This eruption results in damaging and potentially deadly lahars, bothersome ashfall in areas, and a lot of destruction of property and crops. A few may be caught in pyroclastic flows if they have ignored the evacuations warnings and exclusion zones.
Not super likely, but an eruption larger than VEI-5 potentially occurs. At this point, all bets are off as to what would or could happen here.......

**************

Lets hope NO Krakatau event!
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Re: THE Volcano Thread Pt. 2

Unread postby M_B_S » Wed 27 Sep 2017, 10:25:40

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EI9tS4_nl7A


Mount Tambora: The Year Without A Summer 1815/1816
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CnToXezXyhE

We are nothing more than stardust remember it when the sun dies....
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Re: THE Volcano Thread Pt. 2

Unread postby M_B_S » Wed 27 Sep 2017, 15:50:22

https://www.arte.tv/de/videos/059582-00 ... raenderte/

Video Arte documentation volcano Tambora

German est Francais

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Re: THE Volcano Thread Pt. 2

Unread postby dohboi » Wed 27 Sep 2017, 17:14:15

7.02pm: White smoke spotted rising from Mount Agung crater as chances fo eruption "quite large"

A notice issued by Indonesia’s National Board for Disaster Management, said that plumes of white smoke are escaping the volcano’s crater.

The warning said: “There was white smoke observed some 50m above of peak of the crater.

“The chances of the eruption are quite large. But it can not be ascertained when it will erupt with certainty..."


http://www.express.co.uk/news/world/859 ... nings-live
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Re: THE Volcano Thread Pt. 2

Unread postby EdwinSm » Thu 28 Sep 2017, 05:10:39

Another day, another volcano....

BBC wrote:An erupting volcano in Vanuatu has sparked an unprecedented evacuation of an entire island.

All 11,000 residents of Ambae have been told to leave and will be moved to other islands in the Pacific state.

The Manaro Voui volcano, which has been rumbling for days, began spewing ash in a "moderate eruption" over the weekend.
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-41423856
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Re: THE Volcano Thread Pt. 2

Unread postby M_B_S » Fri 29 Sep 2017, 13:19:03

http://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-asia-4 ... ng-erupted

The last time Mount Agung erupted
Indonesia has warned that the active volcano on the tourist island of Bali is entering a "critical phase", amid fears of an imminent eruption.
More than 75,000 people have been evacuated from their homes.
Mount Agung last erupted in 1963, and people had just minutes to flee.
The BBC found survivors of that eruption at a shelter, reliving their past experience.
29 Sep 2017
From the section Asia
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Lets hope it is maximal this category ...
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Re: THE Volcano Thread Pt. 2

Unread postby vox_mundi » Tue 03 Oct 2017, 11:43:30

Large Volcanic Eruptions in Tropics can Trigger El Nino Events

Enormous eruptions trigger El Niño events by pumping millions of tons of sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere, which form a sulfuric acid cloud, reflecting solar radiation and reducing the average global surface temperature, according to the study co-authored by Alan Robock, a distinguished professor in the Department of Environmental Sciences at Rutgers University-New Brunswick.

The study, published online today in Nature Communications, used sophisticated climate model simulations to show that El Niño tends to peak during the year after large volcanic eruptions like the one at Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in 1991.

Cooling in tropical Africa after volcanic eruptions weakens the West African monsoon, and drives westerly wind anomalies near the equator over the western Pacific, the study says. The anomalies are amplified by air-sea interactions in the Pacific, favoring an El Niño-like response.

Climate model simulations show that Pinatubo-like eruptions tend to shorten La Niñas, lengthen El Niños and lead to unusual warming during neutral periods, the study says.

If there's a big volcanic eruption tomorrow, Robock said he could make predictions for seasonal temperatures, precipitation and the appearance of El Niño next winter. "If you're a farmer and you're in a part of the world where El Niño or the lack of one determines how much rainfall you will get, you could make plans ahead of time for what crops to grow, based on the prediction for precipitation," he said.

Image

Myriam Khodri et al, Tropical explosive volcanic eruptions can trigger El Niño by cooling tropical Africa, Nature Communications (2017).
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Re: THE Volcano Thread Pt. 2

Unread postby ROCKMAN » Tue 03 Oct 2017, 12:19:29

vox - And we've already gone over how the strength of El Nino strongly influences hurricane development and strength. As I said before: a very complex dynamic that requires a COMPLETE global system analysis to understand and not just focusing on individual components. Which is what many models do.
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Re: THE Volcano Thread Pt. 2

Unread postby dohboi » Thu 05 Oct 2017, 00:27:06

https://www.skepticalscience.com/Climat ... Agung.html


Global climate impacts of a potential volcanic eruption of Mount Agung


...an eruption comparable in magnitude to the 1963 Mount Agung eruption occurring during a La Niña would lead to significantly more cooling than if ENSO neutral conditions coincided with it (Figure 1). Similarly, such an eruption would cool significantly less if it happened during an El Niño. The CESM on average suggests almost 0.3°C cooling for an eruption during a La Niña and less than 0.1°C during an El Niño.

The model also suggests that for an eruption of this strength, global temperature should return to pre-eruption levels within about 5 years, irrespective of which ENSO state prevails during the eruption (Figure 1)...

...This example also shows that global [atmospheric] temperature, albeit popular, is not the most robust quantity to measure changes in Earth’s climate. Even absent a strong external forcing, global temperature can vary substantially from year to year, making it difficult to separate the signal from the noise in case of a volcanic eruption or increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. Instead, scientists propose to look at quantities such as global sea level or ocean heat content to take the pulse of our planet15. Those quantities integrate the response of the climate system over very large volumes, thus beating down the noise relative to the signal.
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