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Coal Industry Stock Review - December 2012

Discuss research and forecasts regarding hydrocarbon depletion.

Coal Industry Stock Review - December 2012

Unread postby Graeme » Sun 16 Dec 2012, 20:20:47

The IEA is publishing their medium-term coal market report tomorrow. In the meantime, members can view this:

Coal Industry Stock Review - December 2012

Coal is burned as fuel or gasified to create a synthetic gas (syngas) that can then be used as feedstock for the production of chemicals, fertilizer and electric power. Coal is also used for producing heat through combustion.

The U.S., Russia, Australia, China, India and South Africa have the largest coal reserves in the world. Coal is produced in 25 states in the U.S., spread across three coal-producing regions. The majority of current production originates in just five states: Wyoming, West Virginia, Kentucky, Pennsylvania and Montana. China, the U.S., India, Russia and Japan account for 77% of total global coal use.

The Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates, even if no new reserve is added, the present U.S. coal reserve will exhaust in 168 years, taking into consideration the incremental production rate. This is promising because, in addition to the many existing ways to use coal, the future holds new methods and potential for growth. Products from coal may soon be part of communications and transportation systems, computer networks and even space expeditions.

As per the World Coal Association, proven global coal reserves are estimated to be 861 billion tons. This reserve is expected to last nearly 112 years at the current rate of production. On the other hand, proven oil and gas reserves are projected to last around 46 years and 54 years respectively at current production levels. We believe the volume of reserves and availability of coal in most of the countries across the globe make it a globally accepted source of power generation. At present, around 40% of the global electric generation plants are coal fired.

The importance of coal as a source of generating power increased over time with the rise in industrialization. However, alternatives to coal have now emerged, curbing coal’s dominance to a certain extent.


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Re: Coal Industry Stock Review - December 2012

Unread postby Graeme » Tue 18 Dec 2012, 15:33:48

Medium-Term Coal Market Report 2012 Factsheet

Coal demand is growing everywhere but the United States. The trend of the last decade continued in 2011, with coal supplying near half of the incremental primary energy supply globally. Coal demand grew 4.3% in 2011, or 304 million tonnes (mt). Chinese demand grew by 233 mt. The only region where coal demand declined was the United States. That drop is neither policy-driven nor a consequence of recession but rather the result of the availability of cheap gas.

Even though coal demand growth is slowing, coal’s share of the global energy mix is still rising, and by 2017 coal will come close to surpassing oil as the world’s top energy source. The world will burn around 1.2 billion more tonnes of coal per year by 2017 compared with today. That’s more than the current annual coal consumption of the United States and Russia combined.

China has become the largest coal importer in the world. In 2009, China became a net coal importer for the first time. In 2011, it became the largest coal importer, surpassing Japan, which had held the position for decades. Chinese imports (including Hong Kong) reached 204 mt in 2011 and they continued to grow in 2012.

Indonesia has become the largest coal exporter in the world. As another example of the increasing weight of non-OECD countries, Indonesia surpassed long-standing leader Australia as the largest exporter on a tonnage basis. Floods in Queensland in 2010-2011 constrained Australian exports, while Indonesia growth did not stop, surpassing the 300 mt line.

The coal renaissance in Europe is only temporary. Low CO2 and high gas prices plus coal oversupply coming from US have made coal more competitive than gas for power generation, triggering coal consumption. However, increasing use of renewables, retirement of coal plants, and more balanced gas and coal prices will decrease coal consumption in most of Europe. All in all, coal demand in 2017 will be 10 million tonnes coal equivalent (mtce) higher than in 2011, as growth in Turkey will offset the more general decline.

Bad times for US coal. The fiercest competition for coal occurs in United States, where gas has gone below the $2/MBtu line. Whereas exports recently could alleviate the plight of US coal producers, declining demand will give rise to cuts and layoffs in mines, especially in the high-cost Appalachia area. Medium-Term Coal Market Report 2012 projections for US coal demand by 2017 are 600 mtce, a dramatic fall from 697 mtce in 2011. US production is projected to fall from 771 mtce in 2011 to 697 mtce in 2017.

India will increase its influence in coal markets. Endowed with large coal reserves, a population of more than 1 billion, electricity shortages and the largest pocket of energy poverty in the world, India makes the perfect cocktail to boost coal consumption. Domestic industry’s performance will allow India to be the largest seaborne coal importer by 2017 with 204 mtce and the second-largest coal consumer, surpassing United States.

Australia will recover its throne as the biggest coal exporter. Despite some issues such as rising labour costs and domestic currency rate, which give Indonesia competitive advantages, Australia will concentrate a great share on infrastructure and mine expansion investments to become the largest exporter, with 356 mtce by 2017, well above Indonesia’s total exports then of 309 mtce.

Enough investments are planned and in progress to ensuresupply. Uncertainties will delay or cancel many of them. In the pipeline are almost 300 million tonnes per annum (mtpa) of terminal capacity and the 150 mtpa (probable) to 600 mtpa (potential) of mine expansion capacity, more than enough to meet coal demand in a secure way over the outlook period. But current low prices and uncertainty about economic growth, especially when related to China, will delay and stop some investments.


iea

How to fix the 21st Century's dirty engine of growth

Thanks to abundant supplies and insatiable demand for power from emerging markets, coal - the fuel of the Industrial Age - has met nearly half of the rise in global energy demand during the first decade of the 21st Century. Amid mounting concerns about the impact of carbon dioxide emissions on Earth's climate, the massive growth in coal use represents a troubling paradox. Whether the rise of CO2 emissions from coal continues will depend on the strength of policy measures that favour the deployment of more efficient coal-burning technologies and lower-emissions energy sources like renewables and natural gas.


But the biggest hope for reducing emissions from coal may come from policies that encourage its replacement by lower-emission energy sources. A meaningful carbon price can do this, but so can cheap natural gas - as recent U.S. experience suggests. The boom in unconventional natural gas has prompted U.S. power generators to switch from coal to gas en masse.

The US experience suggests that a more efficient gas market, marked by flexible pricing and fueled by indigenous unconventional resources that are produced sustainably, can reduce coal use, CO2 emissions and consumers' electricity bills, without harming energy security. China, Europe and other regions should take note.


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Maria van der Hoeven is executive director of the International Energy Agency
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Re: Coal Industry Stock Review - December 2012

Unread postby Graeme » Tue 08 Jan 2013, 19:15:10

Growth in coal demand and supply to slow in 2013: Deutsche Bank

Prices for seaborne thermal coal will stay above production costs for larger mines this year, while demand and supply of the fossil fuel will slow because of weaker economic growth and falling U.S exports, Deutsche Bank said in a report on Tuesday.

Prices for Australian and South African coal benchmarks will be largely unchanged this year as a forecast 3 percent growth in

demand for seaborne coal, driven mainly from China and India, will be met by a corresponding 3 per cent rise in supply, leaving the market short by 19 million tonnes, the German bank said.

South African coal delivered into Europe (API 4 FOB Richards Bay) will average $93/tonne this year, unchanged from last year's levels, while Australian exports of coal (Newcastle FOB) are likely to fall to $95 from $97 seen in 2012, meaning most larger producers of coal will still be able to break-even or produce at a profit, the German bank said.

Deutsche Bank estimated costs of production to be around $89-93, but only smaller producers are likely to be loss-making this year as wages and equipment costs stabilise and demand from fast-growing developing economies is likely to underpin the market, the report added.

"There is no single explanation for higher demand. In India, it is a perennial shortage of fuel for power generation amidst a slowly improving price tariff environment," Deutsche Bank coal analyst Michael Hsueh told Reuters.

"In China, (higher demand) is primarily driven by the need to fill in the gap between demand and domestic production to whatever degree it is beneficial. We do believe that we are seeing a recovery in China and that it will strengthen throughout the year," he added.

The report said recent economic indicators suggest that China, the world's second-largest economy, could see growth pick up this year at a slightly faster rate compared with 2012, when the pace of expansion slowed and prompted the cancellation of some orders for coal and the build-up of big stockpiles.


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Re: Coal Industry Stock Review - December 2012

Unread postby Graeme » Wed 09 Jan 2013, 18:29:46

U.S. retires more than 9,000 MW of coal-fired power in 2012

More than 9,000 megawatts of coal-fired generation were retired in the United States during 2012, and another 36,000 MW of older coal-fired plants are expected to retire in the next several years, Reuters reported. Stricter regulations from the Environmental Protection Agency have made it more difficult for coal-fired plants to stay open, the source said. Cheap natural gas has also played a role.

Coal plants provide about 316 gigawatts of generation in the United States - about 30 percent of the 1,039 GW electric fleet. It's estimated as much as 60,000 MW to 100,000 MW of coal-fired generation may be shut down across the nation in the future, Reuters reported.

Newer gas-fired power plants are proving natural gas as a cheaper alternative to coal. Reuters said the price of gas fell to a 13-year low in 2012.

EPA's guidelines have led Georgia Power, for example, to ask state regulators to shut down 15 coal-and oil-fired generators, the Daily Caller reported. If those go offline, the state would lose more than 2,000 MW of electricity generating capacity. The company said the cost of complying with current and future federal regulations, as well as the low cost of natural gas, led it to make the decision to shut down coal and oil operations.

More details on the U.S. coal-fired power industry can be found at PennEnergy's research area.


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Re: Coal Industry Stock Review - December 2012

Unread postby Graeme » Tue 30 Jul 2013, 18:41:12

Despite slowdown, global coal remains a planet-destroying monster

However, this bit of good news should not distract from the larger picture, which is decidedly grim. As oil prices remain stubbornly high, the rapidly urbanizing developing world has turned to coal, which has been growing at a furious pace and is on the verge of becoming the world’s primary energy source. Even if its momentum is slowing slightly, it remains a world-crushing behemoth.

No one has been following this story more closely than energy analyst Gregor Macdonald. This is from his blog:

Yikes! As Macdonald writes, “Only a very small portion of the global public is aware that global coal consumption has advanced by over 50% in the past decade.”

What’s more, while coal’s hyper-growth may be slowing slightly, many of the long-term drivers behind it remain firmly in place. In particular, as developing-world urbanization pushes more global energy demand into cities, the balance of power (as it were) shifts to electrical grids, precisely where coal is strongest.

In China, coal expansion is slowing in part due to small, inefficient plants being closed, but as Michael Davidson explains (in a great series on energy in China), shifting to bigger, more efficient, longer-lived plants may lock in a coal “floor” in China for many decades to come.

It’s worth noting that the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) is somewhat more bullish on coal than Goldman Sachs. According to its 2013 International Energy Outlook, in the absence of strong climate policies, coal will grow … well, a whole sh*t ton. Climate Progress reports:

If business as usual continues for the world’s climate policy, the EIA’s mid-range projections show consumption of coal — the dirtiest fossil fuel in terms of carbon emissions — increasing by over a third by 2040. It nearly doubles by that time under the worst case scenarios. Specifically, the EIA’s “Reference Case” projects global coal consumption jumping from 147.4 quadrillion Btu of energy in 2010 to 219.5 in 2040. … But looking across the range of scenarios the EIA lays out, coal consumption could only reach 182.2 quadrillion Btu by 2040 — or go as high as 297.3 quadrillion Btu.


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Re: Coal Industry Stock Review - December 2012

Unread postby Graeme » Wed 14 Aug 2013, 20:31:31

'War on Coal' Gains Steam

For these reasons, many coal plants will close in the next several years, according to a Navigant Research report published last week. Engineering, demolition and remediation companies stand to win what's expected to be more than $400 million in revenue this year from coal-plant decommissioning in North America, the Eurozone and the U.K. That revenue stream will top out at more than $1.2 billion in 2016, the study projects, before easing back down as the number of old coal-plants declines.

Navigant Research estimates that there will be 137 plant closures in North America and 144 in Europe by 2020, Martin said, totaling 53 gigawatts and 49 gigawatts, respectively.

Strapping explosives to an obsolete facility is a simple, inexpensive step in the decommissioning process. "In other words, it's pretty easy to blow stuff up," Martin said. Environmental remediation, which can be choreographed by large firms such as TRC Cos. and Amec, is much tougher. "The origin of this report was us kind of looking out there and saying, 'Wow, a lot of these coal plants are retiring. What the hell are they going to do with them? And, whatever they decide, who's going to take care of that?'" Martin said.


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Re: Coal Industry Stock Review - December 2012

Unread postby Graeme » Tue 20 Aug 2013, 18:54:03

The Declining Value Of Coal Just Killed Another Export Terminal

On Monday, the Port of Corpus Christi announced it was scrapping plans to build a coal export terminal, scoring a major victory for environmentalists and offering further proof of the declining market value of coal. According to a press release from the Sierra Club, New Elk Coal Company signed a lease with the port in 2011 and will pay a one-time fee to cancel it.

New Elk’s decision matches a recent Goldman Sachs report which concluded, “The window to invest profitably in new mining capacity is closing.” The report cites three main reasons for coal’s decline: 1) environmental regulations that discourage coal-fired generation, 2) strong competition from gas and renewable energy and 3) improvements in energy efficiency.
As demand for coal decreases domestically, companies are increasingly desperate to ship their product overseas to energy-hungry nations like China and India. The Goldman Sachs report points out this might not be the smartest move, however, considering near-term demand for coal imports in China is collapsing.


Even though plans for new coal export terminals are hitting the wall, the U.S. is still exporting a massive amount of coal. In March, the Energy Information Administration (EIA) released data showing U.S. coal exports hit a record 126 million short tons in 2012, a 17 percent increase over the previous year. And as National Geographic points out, “The United States clearly is using less coal: Domestic consumption fell by about 114 million tons, or 11 percent, largely due to a decline in the use of coal for electricity. But U.S. coal production fell just 7 percent.”


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Re: Coal Industry Stock Review - December 2012

Unread postby Graeme » Thu 22 Aug 2013, 00:06:12

Carbon Catastrophe: Obama Administration To Sell 316 Million Tons Of Coal

Today the Obama administration’s Bureau of Land Management will hold the first of two major coal lease sales over the next month from public lands in Wyoming’s Powder River Basin. Combined, they will allow the extraction of almost 316 million tons of taxpayer-owned coal that, when burned, will result in significant carbon pollution. The second sale is scheduled for September 18.
Burning this coal will release 523,524,951 tons of carbon dioxide into the air, according to a Climate Progress analysis using BLM’s environmental analyses and the Environmental Protection Agency’s Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator. This is equivalent to the emissions from nearly 109 million passenger vehicles every year. For comparison, there are approximately 253 million vehicles in the U.S.


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Re: Coal Industry Stock Review - December 2012

Unread postby Graeme » Mon 26 Aug 2013, 19:23:20

China will soon have 40% more coal than the combined weight of the human population

Years of excessive investment are catching up with China, and the latest example is coal. Its reserves now contain 220 million tons (200 million tonnes) of coal, as the Hao Hao Report notes. That puts China on track to have as much as 440 million tons by the end of 2013, according to the China National Coal Association (CNCA)—around 40% more than the combined weight of the entire human population.
+
This excess coal has driven prices down by half, compared with the same period last year. Now 24 of China’s biggest coal companies—nearly one-third—are losing money, says Jiang Zhimin, vice-chairman of the CNCA. ”All the enterprises in the provinces and municipalities of Heilongjiang, Jilin, Yunnan, Chongqing, Anhui and Jiangxi are experiencing losses,” adds Jiang.
+
How does a country amass that much unneeded coal? By pumping trillions of yuan into coal mines, for one. From 2000 to 2005, investment totaled only 200 billion yuan ($32 billion at the 2013 exchange rate). In 2012, even as the economy noticeably faltered, China invested 529 billion yuan ($86 billion in 2013 terms) in coal mining.


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Re: Coal Industry Stock Review - December 2012

Unread postby ROCKMAN » Sat 21 Sep 2013, 22:37:07

Looks like China maybe getting some of their coal with a bit of help from another nation...the Navajo Nation. From Al Jazeera:

As the Navajo Nation moves toward buying a coal mining plant in New Mexico, controversy has erupted within the tribe. Environmentalists say the mine devastates the local ecosystem, while advocates tout it as a way to bring money to the impoverished community. When the Australia-based company BHP Billiton announced it would pull out of the plant in 2016, it was good news for Dixon -- until she found out that her tribe, the Navajo Nation, could soon be a new investor.

Tribal lawmakers voted Monday to form a limited-liability company that would run the mine, located near Farmington, N.M. The tribe said it will decide by next July 1 whether to purchase the mine from the Australian firm for about $85 million.Navajo President Ben Shelly must sign off on the creation of the Navajo Transitional Energy Co. Lawmakers said it would be part of a transition to renewable energy production in the future, though critics of the mine purchase don't believe that.

Tribal officials estimate the tribe could turn a profit of at least $200 million every year, which would represent a major increase in revenue for a native government dealing with a 40 percent poverty rate and high unemployment. "Look at how fast technology advances every day. Coal does have a future, and at some point that future will be realized," Navajo Nation Council Delegate LoRenzo Bates told Al Jazeera.

Navajo environmentalists feel ecological concerns outweigh any potential economic benefit. Brett Isaac studied economics and then started his own solar energy company, Shanto Energy. He believes coal is dirty fuel and disrespects the environment. "Utilizing coal as our means of income kind of counteracts all the things that we were brought up to believe and hold as sacred," Isaac said. Navajo Council Delegate Dwight Witherspoon said he is as concerned about the use of fossil fuels and their impact on the world and the climate. But, he said, "for us to engage in the transition to more efficient or renewable type of energies, this provides us essentially with revenue to assist us in that transition."

So in order to afford the costly transition to renewable energy the Navajo Nation will use coal profits to finance the effort. Perhaps this will be the rationale used by England et al to justify their future efforts to counteract PO.
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Re: Coal Industry Stock Review - December 2012

Unread postby sparky » Sun 22 Sep 2013, 18:09:57

.
A point to note is that coal , like crude oil come in various grades
carbon content and contaminants have to be considered
the best and easiest deposits were exploited first
glorious Anthracite , with more than 95% carbon , is largely depleted
the Chinese and American seams contain a lot of sulfur .
while Australia ,for political reasons ,used brown coal in the Latrobe valley power plant
the closure of nuclear power plants in Japan and Germany means more coal will be used
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Re: Coal Industry Stock Review - December 2012

Unread postby ROCKMAN » Sun 29 Sep 2013, 12:04:00

Sparky - Looks like the coal industry may have a way to high grade the value of those poorer quality coals. US coal companies are already making near all-time record revenue exporting coal such as the 500% increase to China we've already seen. Sounds like a potential boost to stock prices.

Mainland China energy companies are stepping up their investment in projects to turn coal into liquid fuel, chemicals and natural gas, as tumbling coal prices caused by oversupply make such processes more lucrative. They had already been experimenting with such projects as a way to meeting rising demand for energy and chemicals, since the mainland is rich in coal but poor in oil and gas. Now, with prices of imported oil and gas staying high, replacing them with cheap domestic coal - particularly coal from remote regions - to produce downstream fuel and industrial chemicals makes economic sense.


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Re: Coal Industry Stock Review - December 2012

Unread postby sparky » Mon 30 Sep 2013, 08:45:31

.
Oh yes , there is Peak Oil but peak carbon will go down fighting
coal to liquid kept the Wehrmacht in business ,
I did not follows the break even price but a couple of years ago it was 76$/b
I guess setting up some infrastructure is a good precautionary idea
well worth throwing some government money its way .
just to work out the development bugs and forming tech and engineers on the real thing
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Re: Coal Industry Stock Review - December 2012

Unread postby ROCKMAN » Mon 30 Sep 2013, 08:55:55

sparky - I wonder if one of our clever cohorts here could whip up what I think might be an illuminating number: simple how mane tons of carbon have we pulling out of the ground, say monthly, for the last 40 or so years. Coal isn't oil and oil isn't NG. But a ton of carbon from coal is the same as a ton of carbon from oil or NG. After all, every ounce of carbon pulled out of Mother Earth ends up somewhere...it isn't destroyed in the process. I bet someone has already done the calculation.
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Re: Coal Industry Stock Review - December 2012

Unread postby dolanbaker » Mon 30 Sep 2013, 14:30:51

RM, a quick google produced this http://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/ndp030/global.1751_2010.ems
from http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/emis/meth_reg.html

A lot of links to various datasets both globally & regional, all data can be downloaded.

Code: Select all
***********************************************************
*** Global CO2 Emissions from Fossil-Fuel Burning,      ***
*** Cement Manufacture, and Gas Flaring: 1751-2010      ***
***                                                     ***
*** July 30, 2013                                       ***
***                                                     ***
*** Source:  Tom Boden                                  ***
***          Bob Andres                                 ***
***          Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center ***
***          Oak Ridge National Laboratory              ***
***          Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6290            ***
***          USA                                        ***
***                                                     ***
***          Gregg Marland                              ***
***          Research Institute for Environment, Energy ***
***            and Economics                            ***
***          Appalachian State University               ***
***          Boone, North Carolina 28608-2131           ***
***          USA                                        ***
***********************************************************

All emission estimates are expressed in million metric tons of carbon. To
convert these estimates to units of carbon dioxide (CO2), simply multiply
these estimates by 3.667.

Per capita emission estimates are expressed in metric tons of carbon.
Population estimates were not available to permit calculations of global
per capita estimates before 1950.  Please note that annual sums were
tallied before each element (e.g., Gas) was rounded and reported here
so totals may differ slightly from the sum of the elements due to
rounding.

                                                          Cement       Gas         Per
Year     Total         Gas      Liquids      Solids     Production   Flaring     Capita

1751         3           0           0           3           0           0             
1752         3           0           0           3           0           0             
1753         3           0           0           3           0           0             
1754         3           0           0           3           0           0             
1755         3           0           0           3           0           0             
1756         3           0           0           3           0           0             
1757         3           0           0           3           0           0             
1758         3           0           0           3           0           0             
1759         3           0           0           3           0           0             
1760         3           0           0           3           0           0             
1761         3           0           0           3           0           0             
1762         3           0           0           3           0           0             
1763         3           0           0           3           0           0             
1764         3           0           0           3           0           0             
1765         3           0           0           3           0           0             
1766         3           0           0           3           0           0             
1767         3           0           0           3           0           0             
1768         3           0           0           3           0           0             
1769         3           0           0           3           0           0             
1770         3           0           0           3           0           0             
1771         4           0           0           4           0           0             
1772         4           0           0           4           0           0             
1773         4           0           0           4           0           0             
1774         4           0           0           4           0           0             
1775         4           0           0           4           0           0             
1776         4           0           0           4           0           0             
1777         4           0           0           4           0           0             
1778         4           0           0           4           0           0             
1779         4           0           0           4           0           0             
1780         4           0           0           4           0           0             
1781         5           0           0           5           0           0             
1782         5           0           0           5           0           0             
1783         5           0           0           5           0           0             
1784         5           0           0           5           0           0             
1785         5           0           0           5           0           0             
1786         5           0           0           5           0           0             
1787         5           0           0           5           0           0             
1788         5           0           0           5           0           0             
1789         5           0           0           5           0           0             
1790         5           0           0           5           0           0             
1791         6           0           0           6           0           0             
1792         6           0           0           6           0           0             
1793         6           0           0           6           0           0             
1794         6           0           0           6           0           0             
1795         6           0           0           6           0           0             
1796         6           0           0           6           0           0             
1797         7           0           0           7           0           0             
1798         7           0           0           7           0           0             
1799         7           0           0           7           0           0             
1800         8           0           0           8           0           0             
1801         8           0           0           8           0           0             
1802        10           0           0          10           0           0             
1803         9           0           0           9           0           0             
1804         9           0           0           9           0           0             
1805         9           0           0           9           0           0             
1806        10           0           0          10           0           0             
1807        10           0           0          10           0           0             
1808        10           0           0          10           0           0             
1809        10           0           0          10           0           0             
1810        10           0           0          10           0           0             
1811        11           0           0          11           0           0             
1812        11           0           0          11           0           0             
1813        11           0           0          11           0           0             
1814        11           0           0          11           0           0             
1815        12           0           0          12           0           0             
1816        13           0           0          13           0           0             
1817        14           0           0          14           0           0             
1818        14           0           0          14           0           0             
1819        14           0           0          14           0           0             
1820        14           0           0          14           0           0             
1821        14           0           0          14           0           0             
1822        15           0           0          15           0           0             
1823        16           0           0          16           0           0             
1824        16           0           0          16           0           0             
1825        17           0           0          17           0           0             
1826        17           0           0          17           0           0             
1827        18           0           0          18           0           0             
1828        18           0           0          18           0           0             
1829        18           0           0          18           0           0             
1830        24           0           0          24           0           0             
1831        23           0           0          23           0           0             
1832        23           0           0          23           0           0             
1833        24           0           0          24           0           0             
1834        24           0           0          24           0           0             
1835        25           0           0          25           0           0             
1836        29           0           0          29           0           0             
1837        29           0           0          29           0           0             
1838        30           0           0          30           0           0             
1839        31           0           0          31           0           0             
1840        33           0           0          33           0           0             
1841        34           0           0          34           0           0             
1842        36           0           0          36           0           0             
1843        37           0           0          37           0           0             
1844        39           0           0          39           0           0             
1845        43           0           0          43           0           0             
1846        43           0           0          43           0           0             
1847        46           0           0          46           0           0             
1848        47           0           0          47           0           0             
1849        50           0           0          50           0           0             
1850        54           0           0          54           0           0             
1851        54           0           0          54           0           0             
1852        57           0           0          57           0           0             
1853        59           0           0          59           0           0             
1854        69           0           0          69           0           0             
1855        71           0           0          71           0           0             
1856        76           0           0          76           0           0             
1857        77           0           0          77           0           0             
1858        78           0           0          78           0           0             
1859        83           0           0          83           0           0             
1860        91           0           0          91           0           0             
1861        95           0           0          95           0           0             
1862        97           0           0          96           0           0             
1863       104           0           0         103           0           0             
1864       112           0           0         112           0           0             
1865       119           0           0         119           0           0             
1866       122           0           0         122           0           0             
1867       130           0           0         130           0           0             
1868       135           0           0         134           0           0             
1869       142           0           0         142           0           0             
1870       147           0           1         146           0           0             
1871       156           0           1         156           0           0             
1872       173           0           1         173           0           0             
1873       184           0           1         183           0           0             
1874       174           0           1         173           0           0             
1875       188           0           1         187           0           0             
1876       191           0           1         190           0           0             
1877       194           0           2         192           0           0             
1878       196           0           2         194           0           0             
1879       210           0           3         207           0           0             
1880       236           0           3         233           0           0             
1881       243           0           4         239           0           0             
1882       256           0           4         252           0           0             
1883       272           0           3         269           0           0             
1884       275           0           4         271           0           0             
1885       277           1           4         273           0           0             
1886       281           2           5         275           0           0             
1887       295           3           5         287           0           0             
1888       327           5           5         317           0           0             
1889       327           3           6         318           0           0             
1890       356           3           8         345           0           0             
1891       372           2           9         360           0           0             
1892       374           2           9         363           0           0             
1893       370           2          10         358           0           0             
1894       383           2           9         372           0           0             
1895       406           2          11         393           0           0             
1896       419           2          12         405           0           0             
1897       440           2          13         425           0           0             
1898       465           2          13         449           0           0             
1899       507           3          14         491           0           0             
1900       534           3          16         515           0           0             
1901       552           4          18         531           0           0             
1902       566           4          19         543           0           0             
1903       617           4          20         593           0           0             
1904       624           4          23         597           0           0             
1905       663           5          23         636           0           0             
1906       707           5          23         680           0           0             
1907       784           5          28         750           0           0             
1908       750           5          30         714           0           0             
1909       785           6          32         747           0           0             
1910       819           7          34         778           0           0             
1911       836           7          36         792           0           0             
1912       879           8          37         834           0           0             
1913       943           8          41         895           0           0             
1914       850           8          42         800           0           0             
1915       838           9          45         784           0           0             
1916       901          10          48         842           0           0             
1917       955          11          54         891           0           0             
1918       936          10          53         873           0           0             
1919       806          10          61         735           0           0             
1920       932          11          78         843           0           0             
1921       803          10          84         709           0           0             
1922       845          11          94         740           0           0             
1923       970          14         111         845           0           0             
1924       963          16         110         836           0           0             
1925       975          17         116         842           0           0             
1926       983          19         119         846           0           0             
1927      1062          21         136         905           0           0             
1928      1065          23         143         890          10           0             
1929      1145          28         160         947          10           0             
1930      1053          28         152         862          10           0             
1931       940          25         147         759           8           0             
1932       847          24         141         675           7           0             
1933       893          25         154         708           7           0             
1934       973          28         162         775           8           0             
1935      1027          30         176         811           9           0             
1936      1130          34         192         893          11           0             
1937      1209          38         219         941          11           0             
1938      1142          37         214         880          12           0             
1939      1192          38         222         918          13           0             
1940      1299          42         229        1017          11           0             
1941      1334          42         236        1043          12           0             
1942      1342          45         222        1063          11           0             
1943      1391          50         239        1092          10           0             
1944      1383          54         275        1047           7           0             
1945      1160          59         275         820           7           0             
1946      1238          61         292         875          10           0             
1947      1392          67         322         992          12           0             
1948      1469          76         364        1015          14           0             
1949      1419          81         362         960          16           0             
1950      1630          97         423        1070          18          23        0.64 
1951      1767         115         479        1129          20          24        0.69 
1952      1795         124         504        1119          22          26        0.68 
1953      1841         131         533        1125          24          27        0.69 
1954      1865         138         557        1116          27          27        0.69 
1955      2042         150         625        1208          30          31        0.74 
1956      2177         161         679        1273          32          32        0.77 
1957      2270         178         714        1309          34          35        0.79 
1958      2330         192         731        1336          36          35        0.80 
1959      2454         206         789        1382          40          36        0.83 
1960      2569         227         849        1410          43          39        0.85 
1961      2580         240         904        1349          45          42        0.84 
1962      2686         263         980        1351          49          44        0.86 
1963      2833         286        1052        1396          51          47        0.88 
1964      2995         316        1137        1435          57          51        0.92 
1965      3130         337        1219        1460          59          55        0.94 
1966      3288         364        1323        1478          63          60        0.97 
1967      3393         392        1423        1448          65          66        0.98 
1968      3566         424        1551        1448          70          73        1.01 
1969      3780         467        1673        1486          74          80        1.05 
1970      4053         493        1839        1556          78          87        1.10 
1971      4208         530        1947        1559          84          88        1.12 
1972      4376         560        2057        1576          89          94        1.14 
1973      4614         588        2241        1581          95         110        1.18 
1974      4623         597        2245        1579          96         107        1.16 
1975      4596         604        2132        1673          95          92        1.13 
1976      4864         630        2314        1710         103         108        1.18 
1977      5026         650        2398        1765         108         104        1.19 
1978      5087         680        2392        1793         116         106        1.19 
1979      5369         721        2544        1887         119          98        1.23 
1980      5315         740        2422        1947         120          86        1.20 
1981      5152         756        2289        1921         121          64        1.14 
1982      5113         740        2196        1992         121          64        1.11 
1983      5094         741        2176        1995         125          58        1.09 
1984      5280         808        2199        2094         128          51        1.11 
1985      5439         837        2186        2237         131          49        1.12 
1986      5607         831        2293        2300         137          46        1.14 
1987      5752         894        2306        2364         143          44        1.15 
1988      5965         937        2412        2414         152          50        1.17 
1989      6097         985        2459        2457         156          41        1.17 
1990      6127        1019        2492        2419         157          40        1.16 
1991      6217        1063        2605        2345         161          44        1.16 
1992      6164        1095        2510        2357         167          35        1.13 
1993      6162        1129        2523        2298         176          36        1.11 
1994      6266        1139        2546        2358         186          38        1.11 
1995      6398        1157        2565        2442         197          36        1.12 
1996      6542        1209        2624        2469         203          37        1.13 
1997      6651        1208        2700        2495         209          38        1.13 
1998      6643        1243        2766        2391         209          35        1.12 
1999      6610        1270        2737        2352         217          33        1.10 
2000      6765        1288        2838        2367         226          45        1.11 
2001      6927        1312        2840        2492         237          46        1.12 
2002      6996        1344        2831        2521         252          48        1.12 
2003      7416        1391        2959        2743         276          48        1.17 
2004      7807        1437        3053        2967         298          53        1.21 
2005      8093        1480        3076        3157         320          60        1.24 
2006      8370        1525        3089        3339         356          61        1.27 
2007      8566        1572        3081        3464         382          68        1.28 
2008      8783        1631        3122        3571         388          71        1.30 
2009      8740        1585        3056        3620         413          66        1.28 
2010      9167        1702        3114        3842         450          59        1.33 
Religion is regarded by the common people as true, by the wise as false, and by rulers as useful.:Anonymous
Our whole economy is based on planned obsolescence.
Hungrymoggy "I am now predicting that Europe will NUKE ITSELF sometime in the first week of January"
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Re: Coal Industry Stock Review - December 2012

Unread postby ROCKMAN » Mon 30 Sep 2013, 14:58:06

DB - Fantastic link. A real keeper. Mucho thanks as we say in S Texas.
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Re: Coal Industry Stock Review - December 2012

Unread postby dolanbaker » Mon 30 Sep 2013, 16:14:32

ROCKMAN wrote:DB - Fantastic link. A real keeper. Mucho thanks as we say in S Texas.

Tá fáilte romhat as we say in Ireland ;)
Religion is regarded by the common people as true, by the wise as false, and by rulers as useful.:Anonymous
Our whole economy is based on planned obsolescence.
Hungrymoggy "I am now predicting that Europe will NUKE ITSELF sometime in the first week of January"
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Re: Coal Industry Stock Review - December 2012

Unread postby ROCKMAN » Tue 01 Oct 2013, 12:57:30

db - Are you located on the Emerald Isle? Perhaps we’re related through some of my distant ancestors…if so do you have a drinking problem also?

And by drinking problem, of course, I mean do you have trouble getting enough? Just last weekend had some fine gingerbread cake made with Guinness. Another keeper link for sure.
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Re: Coal Industry Stock Review - December 2012

Unread postby Graeme » Tue 08 Oct 2013, 21:30:14

US coal exports to fall on continued economic weakness, low prices: EIA

US coal exports will total 114 million st this year, down from 2012's record 126 million st, the Energy Information Administration said Tuesday in its October Short-Term Energy Outlook.

The agency's October estimate is down slightly from the 115.3 million st of exports this year that it projected in its September STEO.

EIA also projected that US coal exports will slide to 105 million st in 2015, largely because of continuing economic weakness in Europe, slowing Asian demand, increased production in other exporting countries and lower global coal prices.


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Re: Coal Industry Stock Review - December 2012

Unread postby Graeme » Sat 12 Oct 2013, 18:40:58

China to shut down two coal mines EVERY DAY

China's appetite for coal is insatiable.

Of the 2.9 billion tonnes of global coal demand growth since 2000, China accounted for 2.3 billion tonnes or 82%.

China now accounts for 47% of global coal consumption – almost as much as the entire rest of the world combined.

But even as the country burns coal at an astonishing rate, it is working hard at cleaning up the industry.

The Chinese government will close at least 2,000 small coal mines over the next two years, the State Council said in a statement on Saturday.

China has some 12,000 operating coal mines and the closures will target coal mines with annual output of less than 90,000 tonnes and those with substandard quality coal or have bad safety records.

The new rules also tighten approval rules for new coal mines and introduces a ban on construction of coal mines with annual capacity of less than 300,000 tonnes. Mines with annual capacity of less than 900,000 tonne with low-quality coal and safety problems will also not be approved.

The latest initiative follows rapid progress in consolidating the industry in 2012.


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