
Alcassin wrote:I think Focardi, Widom, Larsen, Rossi, Defkalion, McKubre, Miley and other crooks should go back to school.
Rather than squabbling over the merits of studying cold fusion or jumping to the conclusion that excess heat produced at room temperature is a nuclear reaction, the scientific community needs to back up — all the way to the top of the scientific method.
That’s the opinion of Rob Duncan, vice chancellor of research at the University of Missouri. He is in the early stages of pitching a plan to establish a national research program that would help scientists study tabletop energy.
Scientists for years have been using different methodologies to create excess heat in the lab without using a lot of energy. Once dubbed “cold fusion” and famously observed in the 1980s by Utah researchers Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons, some now refer to the process as a low-energy nuclear reaction, or LENR.
LENR research has the potential to solve climate and energy problems, Dennis Bushnell, chief scientist of NASA’s Langley Research Center, said in a June interview with EV World, a sustainability publication.
Before it can be labeled, though, scientists need a better understanding of it, Duncan said.
“The biggest problem in this whole area is that everyone is trying to say what the origin of effect is,” he said. “What we’ve got are different camps convinced it’s either fusion or LENR or some type of new enhanced chemical effect. We just don’t have an understanding in the physics yet. … We need to slow down and do careful scientific inquiry.”
“Over 2 decades with over 100 experiments worldwide indicate LENR is real, much greater than chemical…” –Dennis M. Bushnell, Chief Scientist, NASA Langley Research Center
Low Energy Nuclear Reaction (LENR) using nickel and hydrogen is a clean, very very cheap, and super abundant new energy technology. It would be fair to say that it is the silver bullet for our current continual energy crisis – and as a consequence sounds too good to be true.
In November of 2009 the US Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) published Defense Analysis Report DIA 8-0911-003 titled “Technological Forecast: Worldwide Research on Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions Increasing and Gaining Acceptance” ( http://www.lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Barnha ... nology.pdf ).


In recent months numerous respected scientists have been reporting at scientific gatherings that they are seeing increasing amounts of heat, which can only be coming from nuclear reactions, during experiments with hydrogen loaded into nickel and palladium under the proper conditions.
There have been so many of these reports by reliable and respected scientists that it has become absurd to claim that the phenomenon is fraudulent or that all these scientists are mistaken in their observations.








Cog wrote:Carhole ignores the question. Where is a LENR device that I can buy to heat my home?
Its a legit question that he continues to avoid.
Course if I were supporting a scam, I might be reluctant to answer that question as well.

Theory: "Assuming pigs can fly, it follows that ..."Rune wrote:Keith_McClary wrote:If your roof is splattered with pig poop they will come up with a theory to explain it.
You, on the other hand, would leave the observed phenomena unexplained? Figures.


Click on "Year" twice to put the list in order and then scroll down to see how many scientists there are and the CF/LENR conferences and workshops where they publish their scientific papers.Rune wrote:LENR-CANR.org
All these scientific papers in support of LENR/Cold Fusion are free and available for download at the link.




Although I offer the LENR process as a real and reproducible effect, albeit with difficulty, not all observed heat energy can be attributed to a nuclear reaction. Unexpected and significant chemical sources do exist and can confuse the conclusions. Energy can only be attributed to LENR if a nuclear product is detected or if the energy greatly exceeds production from any plausible chemical source. These requirements have been met on many occasions but not in every published experiment.
Before discussing the mechanism, you need to believe the observations are not the result of error, wishful thinking, or artifacts, as skeptics frequently imply. You can easily verify for yourself which laboratories throughout the world have demonstrated the behavior simply by searching the LIBRARY section of LENR-CANR.org or reading my book[1].
The popular conclusion that the effect has not been replicated is not true and this fact has been ignored since 1991. A more accurate statement is: Replication is possible but difficult and not likely to succeed without considerable effort, knowledge, and luck. Like all poorly understood and difficult studies, failure results because of ignorance, not because the claim is impossible. This simple fact seems difficult for some people to accept.
This quick overview provides basic information about LENR for a casual student. More details will be added in later chapters. The goal is to demonstrate the existence of a real phenomenon having many similar behaviors. Making sense of these behaviors has not been easy because this has required a basic change in how nature is viewed, especially by people trained in physics. Part of my goal is to paint a simplified picture into which plausible mechanisms might fit, to show why many mechanisms do not fit this picture, and to suggest a mechanism that might actually explain the behavior.
Edmund Storms obtained a Ph.D. in radiochemistry from Washington University (St. Louis) and is retired from the Los Alamos National Laboratory after thirty-four years of service. His work there involved basic research in the field of high temperature chemistry as applied to materials used in nuclear power and propulsion reactors, including studies of the "cold fusion" effect. Over seventy reviewed publications and monographs resulted from this work as well as several books, all describing an assortment of material properties. He presently lives in Santa Fe where he is investigating the "cold fusion" effect in his own laboratory.

Thousands of newspaper articles about cold fusion have been published, but we have added only 58. These have technical, scientific or historic significance. Storms added these items in order to reference them while writing books and papers, which was the original purpose of the database, and the customary purpose of the EndNote program. Most were written by Jerry Bishop (Wall Street Journal) or William Broad (New York Times). We added only 9 newspaper articles after 1994, even though hundreds were published, especially in 2008 and 2009. The database includes 69 papers from Infinite Energy magazine, which is a small fraction of the total papers published there. Many papers in Infinite Energy are not directly related to cold fusion, and others we simply neglected to add.
There are 695 full text papers available for download at LENR-CANR.org. They are not representative of the full set of papers in the literature, or in our database. They skew toward informal sources such as conference proceedings, because these papers have fewer copyright restrictions. Compared to papers in the database, the full text papers include more mass media newspaper and magazine articles, and more papers for the layman.
The selection of papers at LENR-CANR.org is somewhat haphazard because the authors decide what they want us to upload. LENR-CANR.org is a library, not a journal. It is not selective. We do not endorse a paper by uploading it. We accept papers from harsh critics of the field as well as supporters. We accept both research papers and mass media articles. In most cases we will accept any paper that has been published in a conference proceedings, journal or magazine. We have imposed some selectivity by asking leading authors to contribute papers. Several of them did not wish to, and some were told by their publishers that it would violate copyright restrictions, so there are gaps in the collection. We urge readers who are seriously
interested in this topic to read books about cold fusion and original source papers in a university library.

Rune wrote:A Student's Guide To Cold Fusion (pdf) by Dr. Edmund Storms
Updated April 2012SUMMARY
Two assumptions are made: All LENR occurs in the same environment and by the same mechanism, and the environment and mechanism must not conflict with known chemical behavior or each other. Elimination of all environments that conflict with these assumptions and identification of the only environment common to all methods for producing LENR results in the following conclusions:
1. A special environment is required for LENR to occur and this is not a material such as PdD or NiH, regardless of its purity, dimension, or hydrogen content.
2. A closed crack, void or gap of critical size and shape is the only condition potentially common to all methods for causing LENR. This gap may have the form of a nanotube made from various materials including carbon.
3. The mechanism for lowering the Coulomb barrier involves a single electron that is absorbed by the fusion process and remains for a short time in the resulting product, after which it is emitted as a weak beta.
4. The fusion process results from resonance, which releases the resulting energy as X-rays over a short period of time.
5. All isotopes of hydrogen can produce LENR, which results in fusion and transmutation.
6. Heat is mostly generated by D+D+e fusion to give He4+e when deuterium is used and H+H+e fusion to give stable deuterium when normal hydrogen is used. When both isotopes are present, tritium is formed by the D+H+e fusion reaction.
7. LENR occasionally involves addition of hydrogen isotopes to heavy nuclei, resulting in transmutation at an active site. This reaction does not absorb an electron.
8. Detectable radiation and radioactive isotopes are occasionally produced, but are not common.
9. Several nuclear mechanisms besides LENR can operate within solid materials. These are sensitive to the chemical conditions, including hot fusion-type reactions when applied energy is low.
10. Successful theory requires a marriage between physics and chemistry, and a compatible relationship between the NAE and the mechanism operating within the NAE.
11. Unreasonable skepticism and rejection of competent observation has severely handicapped the field and delayed understanding and application.
Some of these conclusions are significantly different from conventional beliefs in the field and are well outside of what conventional physics can presently explain or justify. As a student, your job is to decide which assumptions and conclusions are correct based on past and future studies. The conclusions are offered as a guide to future studies.

Rune wrote:A Student's Guide To Cold Fusion (pdf) by Dr. Edmund Storms
Updated April 2012COMMENT
Science has been successful because certain rules of evidence were adopted centuries ago, the so-called Scientific Method. These rules require that many people using different devices duplicate all novel observations. Such replications reduce the human tendency to deceive and to be deceived. In addition, the behavior observed in these various studies must show similar patterns, i.e. important variables must have the same effect in all studies, regardless of the equipment used.
Having an explanation for a strange behavior is NOT initially necessary, although eventual discovery of an explanation is important. This is a good method and has served mankind well when it is faithfully applied. Science fails when these rules are ignored. They can be ignored several different ways, the most obvious being premature acceptance. Some scientists think premature acceptance is so damaging that they base their careers on protecting Science from such a violation. A less obvious problem occurs when evidence is ignored because a scientist does not WANT to believe results that conflict with a favorite theory.
Initially, cold fusion was rejected for the former reason. Now rejection is based on the latter. The first rejection was valid and consistent with the Scientific Method. The present rejection is not. Skepticism, when carried to extreme, is as damaging as naive acceptance. At the present time, many people respect the skeptic for guarding the high ideals of science. Unfortunately, skeptics frequently cause much more harm by stopping progress, stifling originality, and turning creative people away from science altogether. Although many examples of this injury can be cited from many fields of science, the continued rejection of LENR is particularly egregious because of its vehement nature and the importance of the discovery.
I ask you, the reader, to use good judgment and a responsible attitude in evaluating the novel claims described in this Guide. Remember that new and strange claims do not have to be blindly accepted or blindly rejected, but only explored with an
open mind. Important new ideas always conflict with conventional understanding. Such conflict should not be used as a basis for outright rejection before the possibilities have been carefully examined. Skeptics often point to failures as a way to reject the process. Actually a failure in one laboratory seldom casts doubt on work in another, unless the two use exactly the same instruments and techniques, which is seldom the case. Failure has many fathers besides the claim being false.

Rune wrote:A Student's Guide To Cold Fusion (pdf) by Dr. Edmund Storms
Updated April 2012REFERENCES
- Jones, S.E., et al., Observation of cold nuclear fusion in condensed matter. Nature (London), 1989. 338: p.737.
- Santandrea, R.P. and R.G. Behrens, A review of the thermodynamics and phase relationships in the palladium- hydrogen, palladium-deuterium and palladium-tritium systems. High Temperature Materials and Processes, 1986. 7: p. 149.
- Storms, E. Excess power production from platinum cathodes using the Pons-Fleischmann effect. in 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000. Lerici (La Spezia), Italy: Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy. p. 55-61.
- Warner, J., J. Dash, and S. Frantz. Electrolysis of D2O with titanium cathodes: enhancement of excess heat and further evidence of possible transmutation. in The Ninth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2002.
Beijing, China: Tsinghua University: Tsinghua University. p. 404.- Bush, R.T. and R.D. Eagleton. Calorimetric studies for several light water electrolytic cells with nickel fibrex cathodes and electrolytes with alkali salts of potassium, rubidium, and cesium. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304. p. 13.
- Mills, R.L. and P. Kneizys, Excess heat production by the electrolysis of an aqueous potassium carbonate electrolyte and the implications for cold fusion. Fusion Technol., 1991. 20: p. 65.
- Fleischmann, M. and S. Pons, Calorimetry of the Pd-D2O system: from simplicity via complications to simplicity. Phys. Lett. A, 1993. 176: p. 118.
- Lonchampt, G., et al. Excess heat measurement with Pons and Fleischmann Type cells. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT. p. 202.
- Mengoli, G., et al., Calorimetry close to the boiling temperature of the D2O/Pd electrolytic system. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1998. 444: p. 155.
- Bockris, J.O.M., et al., Triggering of heat and sub-surface changes in Pd-D systems. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(#4T): p. 267.
- Letts, D. and D. Cravens. Laser stimulation of deuterated palladium: past and present. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: World Scientific Publishing Co. p. 159.
- Violante, V., et al. Progress in excess power production by laser triggering. Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, ICCF-12. 2005. Yokohama, Japan: World Scientific. p. 55
Nassisi, V., Transmutation of elements in saturated palladium hydrides by an XeCl excimer laser. Fusion Technol., 1998. 33: p. 468.- Castellano, et al. Nuclear transmutation in deutered Pd films irradiated by an UV laser. in 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000. Lerici (La Spezia), Italy: Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy. p. 287.
- Mizuno, T., et al., Production of heat during plasma electrolysis. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. A, 2000. 39: p. 6055.
- Ohmori, T. and T. Mizuno, Nuclear transmutation reaction caused by light water electrolysis on tungsten cathode under incandescent conditions. Infinite Energy, 1999. 5(27): p. 34.
- Ransford, H.E., Non-Stellar nucleosynthesis: Transition metal production by DC plasma-discharge electrolysis using carbon electrodes in a non-metallic cell. Infinite Energy, 1999. 4(23): p. 16.
- Sundaresan, R. and J.O.M. Bockris, Anomalous reactions during arcing between carbon rods in water. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26: p. 261.
- Miley, G. and P. Shrestha, Transmutation reactions and associated low-energy nuclear reactions effects in solids, in ACS Symposium Series 998, Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions Sourcebook, J. Marwan and S.B.
Krivit, Editors. 2008, American Chemical Society: Washington, DC. p. 173-218.- Lipson, A.G., et al. In-situ charged particles and X-ray detection in Pd thin film-cathodes during electrolysis in Li2SO4/H2O. in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science.
2002. Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China: Tsinghua Univ. Press. p. 218.- Storms, E., Ways to initiate a nuclear reaction in solid environments. Infinite Energy, 2002. 8(45): p. 45.
- Arata, Y. and Y.-C. Zhang, The basics of nuclear fusion reactor using solid pycnodeuterium as nuclear fuel. High Temp. Soc, Japan, 2003. 29: p. 1.
- Case, L.C. Catalytic fusion of deuterium into helium-4. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT. p. 48.
- McKubre, M.C.H., et al. The emergence of a coherent explanation for anomalies observed in D/Pd and H/Pd system: evidence for 4He and 3He production. in 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000. Lerici (La Spezia), Italy: Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy. p. 3-10.
- Iwamura, Y., et al., Observation of Low Energy Nuclear Transmutation Reactions Induced by Deuterium Permeation through Multilayer Pd and CaO thin Film. J. Cond. Matter Nucl. Sci., 2011. 4: p. 132-144.
- Liu, B., et al. "Excess heat" induced by deuterium flux in palladium film. in Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, ICCF-12. 2005. Yokohama, Japan: World Scientific. p. 75.
- Biberian, J.-P. and N. Armanet. Excess heat during diffusion of deuterium through palladium. International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science , ICCF-13. 2007. Sochi, Russia:
Tsiolkovsky Moscow Technical University. p. 170.- Claytor, T.N., et al. Tritium production from palladium alloys. in The Seventh International Conference on
Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT. p. 88-93.- Dufour, J., et al., Interaction of palladium/hydrogen and palladium/deuterium to measure the excess energy per atom for each isotope. Fusion Technol., 1997. 31: p. 198.
- Mizuno, T., et al., Anomalous heat evolution from a solid-state electrolyte under alternating current in hightemperature
D2 gas. Fusion Technol., 1996. 29: p. 385.- Oriani, R.A., An investigation of anomalous thermal power generation from a proton-conducting oxide. Fusion Technol., 1996. 30: p. 281.
- Biberian, J.-P., et al. Electrolysis of LaAlO3 single crystals and ceramics in a deuteriated atmosphere. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, Botta, E., et al. Search for 4He production from Pd/D2 systems in gas phase. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France. p. 233-240.
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Bartolomeo, C., et al. Alfred Coehn and after: The alpha, beta and gamma of the palladium-hydrogen system. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute
3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304. p. 19.- Stringham, R. Sono Cold Fusion Produces Tritium That Decays to Helium Three. in 15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2009. Rome, Italy: ENEA, Italy. p. 57-60.
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Russian).- Petrucci, A., R. Mignani, and F. Cardone. Comparison Between Piezonuclear Reactions and CMNS Phenomenology. in 15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2009. Rome, Italy:ENEA, Italy. p. 246-250.
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Alcassin wrote:Rune wrote:cipi604 wrote:There is no proof pro or contra LENR yet.
Actually, it's pretty strongly established that the LENR heat phenomenon exists and is real in the laboratory.
That's a pure lie. Give me one independent paper.
There is none.

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If these CF/LENR guys could just make available test tubes with their special electrodes that worked 10% of the time in other peoples' labs, they would get the Nobel Prize and all the funding they wanted.The War Against Cold Fusion
What's really behind it?
Hal Plotkin, Special to SF Gate
Monday, May 17, 1999
...
Since writing my first report on McKubre's work two months ago, I've become convinced that the federal Department of Energy is responsible for a massive failure to serve the public interest.
Rather than budget the funds needed to explore this new, emerging science, our top national energy science officials have adopted what might be called, at best, a policy of benign neglect.
At worst, it's a policy of fraud and deceit.
How could this be happening?
The stakes in the debate about cold fusion are enormous. In this case, an unholy alliance seems to have come together. The principle players are the fossil fuel industry, which has no interest in seeing itself eclipsed by a new, non-polluting source of energy, and the mainstream physics community, which wants to protect, seemingly at all costs, the federal funding it relies on to continue its massively expensive hot fusion experiments.
I've seen how squirrelly even good people can get when a few of their bucks are in jeopardy. So it's not surprising that when several trillion dollars are on the table, there are signs of skullduggery.


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