During WW2 the Netherlands experienced famine. 30.000 Died.
During WW2, after the Germans lost control of oilsupply, they started to switch to Fisher-Tropsch diesel. The Luftwaffe never recovered. I like to think that it is actually that fact which decided who won the war. Check Wikipedia.
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The full mobilization of women meant a huge increase in German production in 1944 but it was too late to make any difference to the war's outcome; by that stage they were finally making enough aircraft and tanks but had lost the oilfields to fuel them and didn't have enough pilots or infantry.
The blockades, imposed on the Germans during that war and the resulting fuel shortages, had taught them a lesson. Also, they were alarmed by reports, rampant then as now, that oil reserves around the world were about to be exhausted. When Hitler came to power, he was determined to make Germany independent of important oil and it was only natural that a high-technology country such as Germany, with large deposits of coal and lignite, would turn to the production of synthetic fuel from these materials.
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Synthetic Fuel - Problems Encountered by Germans in World War 2. One problem with the synthetic fuel was the relatively low octane number of the fuel produced. High octane numbers were needed, particularly for aviation fuel and, in this area, the Germans had to play catch-up with the Americans and British who had ample supplies of high octane aviation gasoline. Still the Germans worked diligently on the problem and managed to improve the octane numbers somewhat.
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So, despite its best efforts, Germany faced severe fuel shortages in World War 2 and it is believed by the experts that the presence of the huge oil fields in Russia is one of the reasons, Hitler chose to attack Russia. (Note: there were other reasons, and, eventually, Germany would no doubt have attacked Russia anyway).
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